The impact of various ethanol-gasoline blends on particulates and unregulated gaseous emissions characteristics from a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) passenger vehicle

Jin, Dongyoung; Choi, Kwang Hyun; Myung, Cha Lee; Lim, Yunsung; Lee, Jong-Tae; Park, Simsoo

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.063

Cited by 76 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…E100 is pure ethanol. Many countries have produced and used ethanol as an alternative fuel in the internal combustion engine vehicles [ 53 ]. B10 is a biofuel produced from diesel blended with 10 percent of bio-oil by volume.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thailand's long-term GHG emission reduction in 2050: the achievement of renewable energy and energy efficiency beyond the NDC

Misila

Winyuchakrit

Limmeechokchai

2020

Heliyon

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The sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Thailand come from the energy sector, including power generation, transport, industries, buildings, and households. In 2016, the energy sector contributed 77 percent of total GHG emissions. Thailand's energy policies are the essential instrument to deal with GHG emission reduction under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The renewable energy (RE) plans aim at increasing the share of RE in final energy consumption while the energy efficiency (EE) plans aim at improving energy efficiency as well as reducing fossil-fuel consumption. GHG emission mitigation will result in several co-benefits such as increasing energy security and decreasing local air pollutants. Therefore, this study analyzes potentials of GHG emission reduction during 2015–2050 from utilization of renewable energy and increasing energy efficiency using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system (LEAP) model. Results include potentials of domestic RE and EE measures to achieve Thailand's nationally determined contribution (NDC). Moreover, it was found that to meet Thailand's first NDC of 20 percent GHG emission reduction target in 2030, targets in the RE plan and the EE plan must be achieved by at least 50 percent and 75 percent, respectively, or targets in the RE plan and the EE plan must be achieved by at least 75 percent and 50 percent. In addition, the extended NDC scenario in 2050 is analyzed in the long-term perspective of Thailand showing 30.4 percent reduction when compared to the BAU. The policy implication includes promotion of energy efficiency, acceleration of the deployment of renewable energy and advanced technologies such as CCS, completion of transmission network for renewable electricity, zoning of biomass sources, and public awareness in climate changes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thailand's long-term GHG emission reduction in 2050: the achievement of renewable energy and energy efficiency beyond the NDC

Misila

Winyuchakrit

Limmeechokchai

2020

Heliyon

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“…The CO, PM and NOx emissions from the combustion of these fuels were compared as direct exposures to these pollutants as they are detrimental to human health according to the suggestions by local experts. Gasoline vehicles produce around 2.75E-01 gm/VKT, 2.00E-03 gm/VKT and 1.80E-03 gm/VKT CO, NOx and PM, respectively [30]. Since the hydrogen vehicle does not produce any exhaust emission from HFCV except for the non-toxic water vapour, it met the sustainability criteria for human health.…”

Section: Social Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Implications of Using Hydrogen as an Automotive Fuel in Western Australia

Hoque¹,

Biswas²,

Mazhar³

et al. 2020

JEPT

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Hydrogen is regarded as a potential solution to address future energy demands and environmental protection challenges. This study assesses the triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability performance of hydrogen as an automotive fuel for Western Australia (WA) using a life cycle approach. Hydrogen is considered to be produced through water electrolysis. Two scenarios, current grid electricity and future renewable-based hydrogen, were compared with gasoline as a base case. The results show that locally produced grid electricity-based hydrogen is good for local jobs but exhibits higher environmental impacts and negative economic benefits for consumers when compared to gasoline. After incorporating windgenerated electricity, reductions of around 69% and 65% in global warming potential (GWP) and fossil fuel depletion (FFD), respectively were achieved compared to the base case gasoline. The land utilization for the production of hydrogen is not a problem as Western Australia has plenty of land to accommodate renewable energy projects. Water for hydrogen feedstock could be sourced through seawater desalination or from wastewater treatment

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“…Accordingly, the aluminium components for the injection system and synthetic rubber of the fuel line were replaced with stainless steel and polypropylene respectively [84]. Fuel consumption (0.078 L/km) and tailpipe emission for E65 were based on Jin et al [85].…”

Section: Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Fuels for Western Australia’s Transport Sector

et al. 2019

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Alternative fuels for the transport sector are being emphasized due to energy security and environmental issues. Possible alternative fuel options need to be assessed to realize their potential to alleviate environmental burdens before policy formulations. Western Australia (WA) is dominated by private cars, accounting for around 72% vehicles with 87% of those using imported gasoline, and resulting in approximately 14% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector. There is an urgent need for WA to consider alternative transport fuels not only to reduce the environmental burden but also to avoid future energy security consequences. This study assesses the environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA) of transport fuel options suitable for WA. The study revealed that ethanol (E65), electric (EV) and plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV) options can decrease global warming potential (GWP) by 40%, 29% and 14%, respectively, when compared to gasoline. The EV and PHEV also performed better than gasoline in the fossil fuel depletion (FFD) and water consumption (WC) impact categories. Gasoline, however, demonstrated better environmental performance in all the impact categories compared to hydrogen and that was mainly due to the high electricity requirement during the production of hydrogen. The use of platinum in hydrogen fuel cells and carbon fibre in the hydrogen tank for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) and Li-ion battery for EVs are the most important sources of environmental impacts. The findings of the study would aid the energy planners and decision makers in carrying out a comparative environmental assessment of the locally-sourced alternative fuels for WA.

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The impact of various ethanol-gasoline blends on particulates and unregulated gaseous emissions characteristics from a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) passenger vehicle

Cited by 76 publications

References 44 publications

Thailand's long-term GHG emission reduction in 2050: the achievement of renewable energy and energy efficiency beyond the NDC

Thailand's long-term GHG emission reduction in 2050: the achievement of renewable energy and energy efficiency beyond the NDC

Sustainability Implications of Using Hydrogen as an Automotive Fuel in Western Australia

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Fuels for Western Australia’s Transport Sector

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