The Impact of Varicella Vaccination on the Incidence of Varicella and Herpes Zoster in the United States: Updated Evidence From Observational Databases, 1991–2016

Varicella-zoster virus post-exposure management and prophylaxis: A review

“…Incidence of HZ among children in the US has declined approximately 70–80% since the introduction of the routine varicella vaccination program (Harpaz and Leung, 2019a, Weinmann et al, 2019). Population-based studies in the US have reported increasing rates of HZ among adults over the last 3 or more decades (Kawai et al, 2016, Harpaz and Leung, 2019b, Wolfson et al, 2019). For example, one study reported that HZ incidence among adults aged 35 years and older has increased from 2.5 cases per 1000 population in 1993, to 6.1 per 1000 in 2006 and 7.2 per 1000 in 2016 (Harpaz and Leung, 2019b).…”

“…For example, one study reported that HZ incidence among adults aged 35 years and older has increased from 2.5 cases per 1000 population in 1993, to 6.1 per 1000 in 2006 and 7.2 per 1000 in 2016 (Harpaz and Leung, 2019b). Although HZ incidence among adults has continued to increase, patterns vary by age strata, with recent plateaus among older adults (Harpaz and Leung, 2019b, Wolfson et al, 2019). The reasons underlying shifting patterns of HZ incidence among adults are unknown but appear unrelated to widespread varicella vaccination of children given that HZ incidence began increasing before introduction of varicella vaccine and did not increase more rapidly after routine immunization against varicella began (Hales et al, 2013, Kawai et al, 2016, Wolfson et al, 2019).…”

“…Although HZ incidence among adults has continued to increase, patterns vary by age strata, with recent plateaus among older adults (Harpaz and Leung, 2019b, Wolfson et al, 2019). The reasons underlying shifting patterns of HZ incidence among adults are unknown but appear unrelated to widespread varicella vaccination of children given that HZ incidence began increasing before introduction of varicella vaccine and did not increase more rapidly after routine immunization against varicella began (Hales et al, 2013, Kawai et al, 2016, Wolfson et al, 2019). In addition to rising rates of HZ at the overall population level, the incidence of HZ and frequency of complications such as postherpetic neuralgia are higher among immunocompromised subpopulations, per large insurance claims database studies in the US, UK, and Germany (Chen et al, 2014, Yanni et al, 2018, Schröder et al, 2017).…”

Recomendación del CAVEI sobre la introducción de vacuna contra varicela al Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones

“…En personas de 65 y más años, el aumento de herpes zoster en los años 1991-1995 -tiempo pre-vacuna-fue 12,4%, que disminuyó a 3,6% en el período 1996-2006 -una dosis vacuna varicela-, y luego a 1,7% en los años 2007-2016 -dos dosis de vacuna varicela-. En el grupo 0 a 17 años, la incidencia de herpes zoster aumentó a una tasa anual de 10,5% entre 1991-1995 y a 3,5% en el período 1996-2006, lo que fue seguido de una caída a una tasa anual de -12% en el período 2007-2016 (-14% ; 10% IC 95% ) 28 .…”

Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

“…Among people aged between 18 and 65 years, the annual rates of change were 1.2% to 6.2%. However, for adults aged ≥65 years, the annual rates of change were 12.4% in 1991-1995, 3.6% in 1996-2006 and 1.7% in 2007-2016 [5]. Postherpetic neuralgia is a painful and disabling condition, and may occur for months to years after recovery from acute HZ.…”