The Impact of Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus on the Outcome of COVID-19 Disease

Abstract

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading infection that is on the rise. New variants are continuously appearing with variable degrees of lethality and infectivity. The extensive work since the start of the pandemic has led to the evolution of COVID-19 vaccines with varying mechanisms. We aim to determine real-world data by looking at the different clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19 vaccination, focusing on the rate of hospitalization, severity, and mortality. Methodology A retrospective observational study included 624 patients with COVID-19 infection who were hospitalized at King Fahad Hospital of the University and King Fahad Military Medical City between April and July 2021. The cohort was divided into 3 groups: unvaccinated, partially vaccinated (PV), and fully vaccinated (FV). The severity and outcome of COVID-19 disease were compared among the three groups. Among the vaccinated group, we studied the effect of vaccine type on the severity and outcome of COVID-19 disease. Results We found that 70.4% of patients with COVID-19 disease who required hospitalization were unvaccinated. Un-vaccination was a significant predictor of critical COVID-19 disease (OR 2.31; P <0.001), whereas full vaccination was associated with significantly milder disease severity (OR 0.36; P 0.01). Moreover, un-vaccination status was an independent predictor of longer hospitalization (OR 3.0; P <0.001), a higher requirement for ICU admission (OR 4.7; P <0.001), mechanical ventilation (OR 3.6; P <0.001), and death (OR 4.8; P <0.001), whereas the FV group had a lower risk of ICU admission (OR 0.49; P 0.045). Unvaccinated patients with comorbidities had worse severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection (P<0.05). Both vaccine types (Pfizer and AstraZeneca) had similar protective effects against the worst outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccination has been shown to be effective in reducing hospitalization, the severity of COVID-19 infection, and improving outcomes, especially in high-risk group patients. COVID-19 vaccination programs should continue to improve the outcome of such a disease.

Covid-19 vaccination acceptance among visitors of Erbil primary health care centers

“…Moreover, the current study revealed that vaccinated persons were less likely to be infected (20%) with COVID19 than nonvaccinated (62.7%). This result was consistent with a study conducted by Moghadas et al, and concluded that there is a 50% reduction of getting infection with COVID-19 after getting the vaccine [29] Also, a study conducted by ALKhafaji et al in Saudi Arabia, reported that the majority of unvaccinated individuals (82.2%) had a higher risk of a critical course of the disease [36].…”

Covid-19 vaccination acceptance among visitors of Erbil primary health care centers

“…Moreover, the current study revealed that vaccinated persons were less likely to be infected (20%) with COVID19 than nonvaccinated (62.7%). This result was consistent with a study conducted by Moghadas et al, and concluded that there is a 50% reduction of getting infection with COVID-19 after getting the vaccine [29] Also, a study conducted by ALKhafaji et al in Saudi Arabia, reported that the majority of unvaccinated individuals (82.2%) had a higher risk of a critical course of the disease [36].…”

Narrative Review of the Evolution of COVID-19 Vaccination Recommendations in Countries in Latin America, Africa and the Middle East, and Asia

“…In Saudi Arabia, COVID-19 case numbers and COVID-19–associated deaths were significantly reduced after introducing BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S vaccines [ 26 ]. Other studies in Saudi Arabia reported reduced risk of hospitalization or death for those vaccinated with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S vaccines versus unvaccinated individuals [ 27 , 28 ]. In Qatar, vaccination with both mRNA vaccines were highly protective against COVID-19–related hospitalization or death [ 29 ].…”