The impact of urbanization and aging on food security in developing countries: The view from Northwest China

Xian, Liu; Xu, Yueyue; Engel, Bernie; Sun, Shikun; Zhao, Xining; Wu, Pute; Wang, Yubao

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126067

Cited by 82 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…With the increasing urbanization, farmers have started switching to non-agricultural work to obtain higher labor remuneration. This phenomenon has reduced the rural labor force and increased the proportion of the elderly population [46][47][48]. It is simultaneously accompanied by relatively backward medical conditions in rural areas; these factors make the current agricultural labor force highly vulnerable to major public health incidents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Epidemic-Affected Labor Shortage on Food Safety: A Chinese Scenario Analysis Using the CGE Model

Qin

Jiang

et al. 2021

Foods

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Human food safety should be given priority during a major public health crisis. As the primary element of agricultural production, labor tends to suffer the most during a period of public health concern. Studying the impact of epidemic-affected labor shortages on agricultural production, trade, and prices has important implications for food security. This study used a calculable general equilibrium model to study the changes in agricultural production, trade, and prices under different labor damage scenarios. The results showed that agricultural production was less affected under a scenario where the epidemic was controlled locally. The output of agricultural products decreased by about 2.19%, and the prices of agricultural products increased slightly. However, the nationwide output of agricultural products decreased by only 0.1%, and the prices remained largely stable. In the case of the spread of the epidemic, the output of agricultural products in the epidemic area decreased by 2.11%, and the prices of certain agricultural products increased significantly. For example, the price of vegetables increased by 0.78%, the price of pork increased by about 0.7%, and those of agricultural products in other parts of the country also increased slightly. Compared with the national spread scenario, the local outbreak scenario had a smaller impact on Chinese food security, indicating Chinese effective policy against the epidemic. Although the impact of labor shortage under the influence of the epidemic on China was relatively limited, and considering its stable food security, we should pay attention to the increase in the process of agricultural products and changes in agricultural trade in the epidemic area. The residents in the epidemic areas could not effectively obtain nutritious food, which affected their health. Thus, the government should also completely mobilize agricultural resources to ensure the nutrition safety of residents during major public health incidents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Epidemic-Affected Labor Shortage on Food Safety: A Chinese Scenario Analysis Using the CGE Model

Qin

Jiang

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Furthermore, when the local government faithfully implements CLPP, if the cost is high and the total value of the cultivated land obtained is far less than the nonagricultural benefits, it tends to achieve the goal of CLPP through various informal means. (2) e central government and local government are not short-sighted stakeholders who only consider the costs and benefits of CLPP implementation. As a representative of public interest, the local government considers the gains and losses of the political performance caused by the faithful implementation and flexible implementation of CLPP.…”

Section: Evolutionary Stable Strategies Of the Central Government And Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food security is an integral part of the economic and social security and national security of all countries in the world [1]. As a developing country with a population of 1.4 billion, China's food security has an important impact on world food security [2]. Many factors influence food production, such as system and policy innovation [3], agricultural science and technology progress [4], and changes in cultivated land and environmental resources [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Game and Numerical Simulation of Cultivated Land Protection Policies Implementation in China

Zhang

Zou

2021

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

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The effective implementation of cultivated land protection policies (CLPP) has important practical significance for improving China’s food security and ecological security. The central government, local governments, and farmers have mutually restricted and influencing interest relations. At the same time, the codes of behavior of multistakeholders also affect the implementation of CLPP in the social system. Therefore, this article discusses the behavioral tendencies and game relationships of relevant stakeholders in the implementation of CLPP from the perspective of evolutionary games and portrays a cognitive decision-making process closer to reality. Finally, numerical simulation reveals the key variables that affect the stability strategy. Results show the following: (1) As the main body of system supply, the central government should reconstruct the political achievement evaluation system and improve the status of the effective implementation of cultivated protection policies in the political achievement evaluation of local governments. (2) The central government should increase incentives for local governments to implement CLPP and increase penalties for violations to improve the effectiveness of policy implementation. (3) To optimize the actual implementation of CLPP, increasing awareness of farmers’ rights protection, reducing rights protection costs of farmers, and increasing the constraints on the flexible implementation of CLPP are necessary.

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“…Furthermore, the Food Security Index of FAO includes the average value of food production in the dimensions of availability. Therefore, we select food security as the explained variable, which is measured by total grain yield, grain yield per unit area, and grain yield per capita (Ali et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2021). According to the China Rural Statistics Yearbook in 2019, the yield of rice, wheat, and corn accounted for 34.77, 21.55, and 42.16% of China's total grain yield, respectively, and other food crops only accounted for 1.52% of the total grain yield.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysis and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous research (Liu et al, 2021), in the analysis, we control the characteristic variables of provinces (municipalities), including infrastructure construction, industrial structure, disaster degree, effective irrigation rate, pesticide input, machinery input, labor input, fixed asset input, time, and province fixed effects. Table 1 provides the variables' definitions.…”

Section: Control Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Can water rights trading pilot policy ensure food security in China? Based on the difference-in-differences method

et al. 2021

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Ensuring food security in China is the primary task in solving the problems of ‘agriculture, countryside, and farmers’. Based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2009 to 2018, this paper evaluates the impact of a water rights trading pilot policy (WRTPP) on food security and examines its underlying mechanism. To overcome the estimation bias existing in previous studies, we use the difference-in-differences method, which can separate time effects from policy treatment effects and is an effective tool to compare the effect before and after policy implementation. We, therefore, use this method to evaluate the net effect of the WRTPP on food security. It is found that the WRTPP can help ensure food security. This effect reaches its maximum in the fourth year after the policy's implementation. It is further found that the WRTPP can improve the adoption of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology to increase the grain yield. Our conclusions complement existing evidence on the factors influencing food security. From the perspective of improving farmers’ water-saving irrigation technology, we confirm that the mechanism of the water right trading pilot policy helps ensure food security.

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The impact of urbanization and aging on food security in developing countries: The view from Northwest China

Cited by 82 publications

References 75 publications

Impact of Epidemic-Affected Labor Shortage on Food Safety: A Chinese Scenario Analysis Using the CGE Model

Impact of Epidemic-Affected Labor Shortage on Food Safety: A Chinese Scenario Analysis Using the CGE Model

Evolutionary Game and Numerical Simulation of Cultivated Land Protection Policies Implementation in China

Can water rights trading pilot policy ensure food security in China? Based on the difference-in-differences method

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