The impact of urbanisation on energy consumption: A 30-year review in China

Zhao, Pengjun; Zhang, Mengzhu

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2017.11.005

Cited by 102 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Urbanization is especially associated with a high risk of asthma in areas where the baseline of urbanization is low (40). Meanwhile, there is evidence that residential coal use is negatively related to urbanization in China over the recent decades (44,45). Taken together, it seems reasonable to spectulate that, from the study Period 1 to Period 2, the rapid urbanization in Chinese cities is related to a decrease in the coal use at home and an increase in the asthma prevalence, which could help to explain our finding of a negative relationship between coal use and asthma prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of indoor and outdoor air pollution on the prevalence of adults’ respiratory diseases in four Chinese cities: a comparison between 2017–2018 and 1993–1996

Yan¹,

Gong²,

Liu

et al. 2021

J Thorac Dis

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Background: Over the past decades, both ambient and household air pollution have changed in several aspects, including the emission sources and the concentrations of pollutants, in many Chinese cities. It is unknown whether these changes are associated with changes in health conditions, especially given changes in other factors due to rapid economic growth. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in two periods spanning more than twenty years (1993-1996 vs. 2017-2018) in four Chinese cities of Chongqing, Wuhan, Lanzhou, and Guangzhou. Data were collected regarding adults' respiratory disease, smoking status, education, occupation, and household characteristics. Ambient air pollution data were obtained for each study. We first used logistic regression models to construct the district-specific adjusted disease prevalences. In the second stage, first-difference regression models were employed to examine whether the change in respiratory diseases prevalences was associated with the change in outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution surrogates. Results: A total of 7,557 and 9,974 households were participating in Period 1 (1993)(1994)(1995)(1996) and Period 2 (2017-2018), respectively. Compared to Period 1, we found substantial reductions in the ambient air pollution concentrations, and a suggestive improvement in cooking-related indoor air pollution in Period 2. We observed decreases in the district-specific covariate-adjusted prevalences of both asthma and chronic bronchitis among participants, with an average reduction of 3.6% (range: 0.0% to 24.3%). From Period 1 to Period 2, one percent decrease in the proportion of cooking with coal was associated with a 19.0% (95% CI, 0.96-37.04%) decrease in the prevalence of males' chronic bronchitis and a 1.86% (0.69-3.04%) increase in the prevalence of females' asthma. Little evidence was observed regarding the potential health benefits associated with the decreases in ambient air pollution levels. Conclusions: The substantial reduction in household use of coal for cooking might be an important contributor to the decrease in adults' respiratory disease prevalence from 1993-1996 to 2017-2019 in four Chinese cities. Changes in this indoor air pollution source, along with other risk factors for respiratory diseases, may have masked respiratory health benefits associated with reductions in outdoor air pollution levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of indoor and outdoor air pollution on the prevalence of adults’ respiratory diseases in four Chinese cities: a comparison between 2017–2018 and 1993–1996

Yan¹,

Gong²,

Liu

et al. 2021

J Thorac Dis

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“…The relationship between economic development and increased energy demand [3,[6][7][8] as well as the strong correlation between urbanization and enhanced energy utilization [3,6,[8][9][10][11] are clearly observed in the literature. These trends are also accompanied with a relative political stability and large-scale investments in the mining and oil sector of a country, which is also evident in Niger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Supply optimization based on society’s cost of electricity and a calibrated demand model for future renewable energy transition in Niger

Tilahun¹,

Bhandari²,

Mamo³

2019

Energ Sustain Soc

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Background:In an attempt to realize the most beneficial and optimal mix of electricity generation in Niger, a society's cost of electricity (SCOE) as the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) plus the cost of climate change and air pollution is formulated. The SCOE is used as a basis for setting the performance criteria for supply optimization to balance future electricity demand in Niger. The demand projection is derived from a system dynamics model that anticipates future changes based on its influencing factors of population growth, urbanization progress, and industrial development. Results:Reference case and what-if scenarios are simulated to see the projected electricity demand and possible renewable energy transition pathways. As a result, for example, the annual electricity of 3214 GWh estimated for 2030 might be balanced with about 200 MW, 104 MW, 85 MW, and 63 MW power from hydropower, grid-tied PV, coal, and diesel for SCOE optimized grid. For the same case, a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction of 11.26-15.66% could be achieved when compared to the LCOE-based optimized grid. In addition, the most preferred energy option hydropower will be almost exhausted when the projected electricity demand in 2035 reaches slightly more than double its value in 2025. Thus, Niger should start exploiting its solar as well as conventional sources intensively to balance its future energy demand. Conclusions: In this work, a mixed energy grid is optimized primarily on affordability while considering its sustainability. The implemented holistic approach lessens the need for energy import in the country and provides relief to energy security issues such as electricity price volatility and supply reliability. Additionally, the proposed strategy helps to guide the renewable energy transition pathway in Niger.

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“…By contrast, in the dispersive nonconformity situation, zoning maps are manifestly less influential from the perspective of the spatial distribution relationship. Additionally, urban sprawl studies argue that scattered urban expansion is always associated with large-scale farmland conversion, severe pollution dispersion, heavy energy consumption, high cost of public infrastructure development, and inefficient land use (Andong and Sajor, 2017; Chen et al., 2017; Zhao and Zhang, 2018). Consequently, the dispersive nonconformity case may violate not only zoning maps but also the fundamental intention of spatial plans, such as smart and low-carbon growth.…”

Section: A Framework For Conformance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does non-conforming urban development mean the failure of zoning? A framework for conformance-based evaluation

Wang

Zhang

Luocheng

2020

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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The conformance approach is frequently used to evaluate the effectiveness of spatial plans in containing urban sprawl. However, non-conformances are widely considered inevitable. Prior conformance-based evaluations fail to answer the essential question of whether plans influence non-conforming situations. To address this gap, we built a framework for conformance measurement to reveal how plans affect non-conforming urban development. The multi-indicator framework includes quantitative indicators, the spatial distribution relationship between new non-conforming urban land and zoning maps, and the location and original land use of new non-conforming urban land. When applied to a case study, this framework reveals that most new non-conforming urban land was adjacent to conforming urban land and located in zones without strict restrictions on urban development. Moreover, the type of land use that the zoning map aimed to conserve was rarely converted, suggesting attempts by decision-makers to control the severity of conflicts between non-conforming development and the zoning map. A logistic regression also evidences the significant influence of zoning on non-conforming urban development. These findings, in turn, verify the operability and theoretical value of the proposed framework.

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The impact of urbanisation on energy consumption: A 30-year review in China

Cited by 102 publications

References 38 publications

The effects of indoor and outdoor air pollution on the prevalence of adults’ respiratory diseases in four Chinese cities: a comparison between 2017–2018 and 1993–1996

The effects of indoor and outdoor air pollution on the prevalence of adults’ respiratory diseases in four Chinese cities: a comparison between 2017–2018 and 1993–1996

Supply optimization based on society’s cost of electricity and a calibrated demand model for future renewable energy transition in Niger

Does non-conforming urban development mean the failure of zoning? A framework for conformance-based evaluation

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