“…Here, researchers follow two distinct approaches. On the one hand, researchers measure uncertainty using micro data; for instance Ninh et al (2004), Darku (2000), and Pattillo (1998) proxy uncertainty using firms' expectations of future sales, supply, and/or sales growth and Leefmans (2011), Shiferaw (2009, and Bo and Zhang (2002) measure uncertainty using data on firms' volatility of supply and/or demand and/or labour costs. On the other hand, Kumo (2006), Aizenman and Marion (1999), Serven (1998), and Serven and Solimano (1993) conduct a macroeconomic study where uncertainty measurements include volatility of GDP growth, volatility of real effective exchange rate, term of trade volatility, inflation.…”