Interest in the effects of economic sanctions on North Korea is growing as international talks regarding its denuclearization unfold.Jeong (2019) is a unique study in that it takes the embargo on imports of luxury goods as its specific focus for examining the effects of UN sanctions against North Korea. Previous studies examining the effects of the luxury goods embargo include Noland (2009), who focuses on North Korea's trade with China and South Korea immediately after the 2006 sanctions resolution that followed North Korea's first nuclear test. However, Jeong's study is distinguished by its comprehensive nature, covering a longer period and a wider range of countries.Jeong's overall conclusion that the sanctions were ineffective in decreasing North Korea's imports of luxury goods is not novel. However, it provides additional food for thought, revealing a number of hitherto little-known facts. These include the rise in China's share of North Korean luxury goods imports from 30.9% in 2004 to 96.6% in 2017, and the fact that even many nations that submitted plans for the implementation of sanctions failed to rigorously implement the provisions of the resolutions concerning the embargo on luxury goods. One factor behind the sanctions' ineffectiveness was the lack of objective criteria for what constitutes luxury goods.Jeong (2019) persuasively argues that provisions enforcing transparency on sanctioning countries must be strengthened. Nevertheless, the fact remains that UN economic sanctions have limitations from the outset. Ogura (2017) states that rather than forcing or preventing specific actions, namely acts of hostility, the more fundamental objective or purpose of economic sanctions is to maintain and strengthen specific norms in the international community and to bolster solidarity among those who abide by them.While UN economic sanctions vary in their objectives and effects, which include strengthening unity among member countries and encouraging domestic political solidarity, they have a range of constraints and limitations, such as their effectiveness if some countries fail to comply with the sanctions or if alternative supplies are available. †Correspondence: Atsushi Ijuin,