The impact of ultraviolet radiation on the vertical distribution of zooplankton of the genus Daphnia

Rhode, Stephan; Pawlowski, Markus; Tollrian, Ralph

doi:10.1038/35083567

Cited by 205 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, while the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia often exhibits a strong UV avoidance response, this is often not true for freshwater and some marine copepods that may even be attracted to UV. Experiments in 0.5-1-m-deep columns that manipulated UV under both artificial and natural solar light sources showed that UV stimulates a downward migration in several species of Daphnia (Hessen 1994;Rhode et al 2001). On the other hand, the copepod Cyclops serrulatus shows only a slight (statistically untested) preference for visible light over UV-B (Barcelo and Calkins 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Williamson

Fischer

Bollens

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

186

202

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The current prevailing theory of diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is focused largely on two biotic drivers: food and predation. Yet recent evidence suggests that abiotic drivers such as damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature are also important. Here we integrate current knowledge on the effects of abiotic factors on DVM with the current biologically based paradigm to develop a more comprehensive framework for understanding DVM in zooplankton. We focus on ''normal'' (down during the day, up at night) DVM of holoplanktonic, primarily herbivorous zooplankton. This new transparency-regulator hypothesis differentiates between structural drivers, such as temperature and food, that vary little over a 24-h period and dynamic drivers, such as damaging UV radiation and visual predation, that show strong variation over a 24-h period. This hypothesis emphasizes the central role of water transparency in regulating these major drivers of DVM. In less transparent systems, temperature and food are often optimal in the surface waters, visual predators are abundant, and UV radiation levels are low. In contrast, in more transparent systems, vertical thermal gradients tend to be more gradual, food quality and quantity are higher in deeper waters, and visual predator abundance is often lower and damaging UV radiation higher in the surface waters. This transparency-regulator hypothesis provides a more versatile theoretical framework to explain variation in DVM across waters of differing transparency. This hypothesis also enables clearer predictions of how the wide range of ongoing transparency-altering local, regional, and global environmental changes can be expected to influence DVM patterns in both inland and oceanic waters of the world.Diel vertical migrations (DVM) of zooplankton in the world's lakes and oceans comprise some of the most widespread and massive migrations of animals on Earth. These striking migrations across strong vertical habitat gradients have inspired numerous ecological and evolutionary studies addressing mechanisms of habitat selection and consequences for species interactions. These migrations also have important implications for water quality and fisheries production as well as biogeochemical cycling. Natural and anthropogenic environmental changes, such as shifting local land use patterns and regional to global climate change, are altering water transparency and have the potential to affect DVM in lakes and oceans worldwide. The purpose of this article is to provide a common theoretical framework for understanding variation in the drivers of DVM across transparency gradients with a particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of the role of ultraviolet radiation (UV).Many environmental factors are recognized as providing both important proximate cues as well as ultimate consequences of adaptive significance for DVM, including light, temperature, food availability, and predation pressures (Table 1; Lampert 1989;Ringelberg 1993;Hays 2003). In spite of the wides...

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confidence: 99%

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Williamson

Fischer

Bollens

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

186

202

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“…Nonetheless, planktonic animals have different biological strategies for dealing with natural doses of UV-B light. One strategy is the avoidance of harmful radiation via behavioral mechanisms, such as diel vertical migration (Siebeck and Böhm 1994;Leech and Williamson 2001;Rhode et al 2001). Other strategies include those that confer tolerance to UV light (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential tolerance to ultraviolet-B light and photoenzymatic repair in cladocerans from a Chilean lake

Ramos‐Jiliberto

Dauelsberg

Zúñiga

2004

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Abstract. In the present study, the sensitivity of four coexisting cladoceran species to ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation was evaluated. First, the LD 50 under conditions inhibiting the action of photoenzymatic repair was calculated by exposing cladocerans to different doses of UV-B light only. Animals in another treatment group were exposed to both UV-B and visible light, which allows for photoenzymatic repair. Photoenzymatic repair contributed significantly towards the degree of total tolerance to UV-B light in all groups of cladocerans, although the magnitude of the contribution varied among species. When no photoenzymatic repair was allowed, the most tolerant species was Moina micrura, followed by Daphnia ambigua and Ceriodaphnia dubia, with Diaphanosoma chilense being the most sensitive species. Under conditions permitting the action of photorepair, M. micrura was again the most tolerant species to UV-B light. Ceriodaphnia dubia showed an intermediate tolerance value, whereas D. chilense and D. ambigua were the least tolerant species, with no significant differences between them. Adults and juveniles of C. dubia differed in their sensitivity to UV-B light under conditions with and without photorepair.

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“…Such migratory behaviour, i.e. avoiding surface waters during the day, observed in the absence of fish is most probably caused by ultraviolet radiation, an important factor shaping zooplankton vertical distribution in high altitude or latitude ultraoligotrophic habitats (Tartarotti et al, 1999;Rhode et al, 2001;Williamson et al, 2001), preventing the animals from fully profiting from higher temperatures in the subsurface water during daylight hours. The between-year variability in depth and temperature distribution is interrelated, depth of occurrence being influenced by temperature profile and other resulting physical and biotic gradients in the lake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and physiological mechanisms behind extreme longevity in Daphnia

et al. 2012

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The combined effect of external environment and energy allocation strategy of the organism on longevity can be exceptional. In a cold oligotrophic fishless habitat, individual Daphnia can live for over a year, several times the usual Daphnia lifespan. This extreme lifespan is in part a consequence of the overwintering strategy which includes storing resources and delaying reproduction until another spring. Yet, contrasting strategies may be applied by Daphnia, resulting in over twofold differences in lifespan within a single habitat. We identify physiological mechanisms mediating such differences in longevity in closely related Daphnia of two lineages coexisting within a high altitude lake, testing the predictions that long-lived animals stay in colder waters and have lower metabolic rates, irrespective of temperature. Vertical distribution of the animals was assessed during three summer stratification seasons, and metabolic activity was measured as oxygen consumption and RNA:DNA ratio. The results not only support our predictions but also reveal that habitat choice is dependent on reproductive status rather than genotype. The young individuals of the overwintering lineage may delay reproduction in part by staying in colder waters than the reproducing adults, which together with low intrinsic metabolic rates may underlie the longevity of Daphnia of this lineage.

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The impact of ultraviolet radiation on the vertical distribution of zooplankton of the genus Daphnia

Cited by 205 publications

References 26 publications

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Differential tolerance to ultraviolet-B light and photoenzymatic repair in cladocerans from a Chilean lake

Behavioural and physiological mechanisms behind extreme longevity in Daphnia

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