Abstract:Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation is an environmental stressor with detrimental effects on many aquatic organisms including fish. In addition, UV-B exposure combined with other environmental factors could have even more negative effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of UV-B radiation exposure on zebrafish embryos/larvae in terms of survival, developmental toxicity and the mRNA levels of the genes related to oxidative stress and innate immune response at different temperatures (24 °C, 28… Show more
“…However, there is no information provided from the authors regarding embryonic survival ability during previous stages of development, before the hatching process started (Abozaid et al, 2011). A pronounced adverse effect of increased water temperature as a perturbation factor in the embryogenesis process leading to increased mortality before 24 hpf was also observed in the study of Aksakal and Ciltas (2018).…”
Section: Embryonic and Post-embryonic Survival Abilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cooling exposure at 50% epiboly stage for 6 and 18 hr in zebrafish embryos also resulted in a considerably reduced embryonic survival ability (control: 67.50% vs. 18 hr: 39.80% and 6 hr: 18.75%) during hatching process (Paes & Nakaghi, 2017 TA B L E 2 (Continued) inability of the emerging larvae to break down the eggshell along with malformations such as pericardial and yolk-sac oedema, tail deformity and spinal curvature (Aksakal & Ciltas, 2018).…”
Section: Embryonic and Post-embryonic Survival Abilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the effect of environmental stressor in high and low temperature during embryonic development in terms of survival ability leads to an increase in embryonic mortality, reducing the hatching success, which may be due to the embryo malformations and inability of the emerging larvae to break down the eggshell (Aksakal & Ciltas, 2018). Mid-embryonic lethality hypothesis predicts an hourglass-like divergence during animal embryogenesis, in which the embryos in the pharyngula period are highly prone to lethality, compared to the other stages, due to the high conservation of gene expression profiles during this developmental stage (Irie & Kuratani, 2011.…”
Contents
Ambient temperature during early stages of life has a substantial effect on physiological processes, eliciting phenotypic plasticity during zebrafish developmental stages. Zebrafish are known to possess a noteworthy ability to modify their phenotype in dependence of environmental factors. However, there is a poor understanding of the effects of temperature during embryogenesis, which influences the biological functions such as survival ability and masculinization in later developmental stages. Since the middle embryonic phase (pharyngula period) is genetically the most conserved stage in embryogenesis, it is very susceptible to embryonic lethality in developmental processes of vertebrates. Here, we tested the effect of transient perturbations (heat shock) during early development (5–24 hr post‐fertilization; hpf) at 35°C compared to control group at 28°C, on survival ability of zebrafish to study the embryonic and post‐embryonic mortality. We studied the variation of heat‐induced masculinization among and across the families in response to high temperature. Furthermore, morphometric traits of adult zebrafish at different developmental time points were measured in order to estimate the temperature × sex interaction effect. We found the highest embryonic mortality around the gastrula and segmentation periods in both experimental groups, with significantly lower survival ability in the temperature‐treated group (73.30% ± 0.58% vs. 70.19% ± 0.57%, respectively). A higher hatching success was observed in the control group (71.08% ± 0.61%) compared to the heat‐induced group (67.95% ± 0.60%). A distinct reduction in survival ability was also observed in both experimental groups during the first two weeks after hatching, followed by a reduced level of changes thereafter. We found sex ratio imbalances across all families, with 25.2% more males under temperature treatment. Our study on growth performance has shown a positive effect of increased temperature on growth plasticity, with a greater impact on female fish in response to high ambient temperature.
“…However, there is no information provided from the authors regarding embryonic survival ability during previous stages of development, before the hatching process started (Abozaid et al, 2011). A pronounced adverse effect of increased water temperature as a perturbation factor in the embryogenesis process leading to increased mortality before 24 hpf was also observed in the study of Aksakal and Ciltas (2018).…”
Section: Embryonic and Post-embryonic Survival Abilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cooling exposure at 50% epiboly stage for 6 and 18 hr in zebrafish embryos also resulted in a considerably reduced embryonic survival ability (control: 67.50% vs. 18 hr: 39.80% and 6 hr: 18.75%) during hatching process (Paes & Nakaghi, 2017 TA B L E 2 (Continued) inability of the emerging larvae to break down the eggshell along with malformations such as pericardial and yolk-sac oedema, tail deformity and spinal curvature (Aksakal & Ciltas, 2018).…”
Section: Embryonic and Post-embryonic Survival Abilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the effect of environmental stressor in high and low temperature during embryonic development in terms of survival ability leads to an increase in embryonic mortality, reducing the hatching success, which may be due to the embryo malformations and inability of the emerging larvae to break down the eggshell (Aksakal & Ciltas, 2018). Mid-embryonic lethality hypothesis predicts an hourglass-like divergence during animal embryogenesis, in which the embryos in the pharyngula period are highly prone to lethality, compared to the other stages, due to the high conservation of gene expression profiles during this developmental stage (Irie & Kuratani, 2011.…”
Contents
Ambient temperature during early stages of life has a substantial effect on physiological processes, eliciting phenotypic plasticity during zebrafish developmental stages. Zebrafish are known to possess a noteworthy ability to modify their phenotype in dependence of environmental factors. However, there is a poor understanding of the effects of temperature during embryogenesis, which influences the biological functions such as survival ability and masculinization in later developmental stages. Since the middle embryonic phase (pharyngula period) is genetically the most conserved stage in embryogenesis, it is very susceptible to embryonic lethality in developmental processes of vertebrates. Here, we tested the effect of transient perturbations (heat shock) during early development (5–24 hr post‐fertilization; hpf) at 35°C compared to control group at 28°C, on survival ability of zebrafish to study the embryonic and post‐embryonic mortality. We studied the variation of heat‐induced masculinization among and across the families in response to high temperature. Furthermore, morphometric traits of adult zebrafish at different developmental time points were measured in order to estimate the temperature × sex interaction effect. We found the highest embryonic mortality around the gastrula and segmentation periods in both experimental groups, with significantly lower survival ability in the temperature‐treated group (73.30% ± 0.58% vs. 70.19% ± 0.57%, respectively). A higher hatching success was observed in the control group (71.08% ± 0.61%) compared to the heat‐induced group (67.95% ± 0.60%). A distinct reduction in survival ability was also observed in both experimental groups during the first two weeks after hatching, followed by a reduced level of changes thereafter. We found sex ratio imbalances across all families, with 25.2% more males under temperature treatment. Our study on growth performance has shown a positive effect of increased temperature on growth plasticity, with a greater impact on female fish in response to high ambient temperature.
“…Researchers are still actively investigating the effect of thermally mediated phenotypic traits on life‐history traits and fitness. Some studies have shown negative effects of thermal challenges (Cingi, Keinänen, & Vuorinen, ; Icoglu Aksakal & Ciltas, ). In birds specifically, lower incubation temperatures have been linked to lower hatching success (Nord & Nilsson, ) and survival (Berntsen & Bech, ; Nord & Nilsson, ; Ospina, Merrill, & Benson, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some studies have shown negative effects of thermal challenges (Cingi, Keinänen, & Vuorinen, 2010;Icoglu Aksakal & Ciltas, 2018). In birds specifically, lower incubation temperatures have been linked to lower hatching success (Nord & Nilsson, 2011) and survival (Berntsen & Bech, 2016;Nord & Nilsson, 2016;Ospina, Merrill, & Benson, 2018).…”
Early‐life conditions can have substantial effects on the ways animals respond to stressors as adults. In particular, thermal conditions during development affect juveniles' responses to stressors, and there is evidence that these effects may extend into adulthood. However, these effects remain poorly understood, especially in free‐living organisms.
We test the prediction that ambient temperatures during laying, embryonic development and nestling development affect the hormonal mediators of the response to stressors in adults. To do so, we use a long‐term dataset of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) with records from both natal development and adult breeding.
We found a strong, negative relationship between ambient temperature during early development (incubation) and an individual's corticosterone (CORT) response to stress later in life (while incubating her own young). Thermal conditions during other stages of natal development also showed a weak relationship with baseline CORT during provisioning.
In a post hoc analysis, we found no evidence that ambient temperature during development differentially influenced the survival and recruitment of juveniles with different CORT phenotypes.
Our results show that thermal conditions during development can have long‐term effects on how individuals respond to stressors.
Climate change and impoundment increase river temperatures, shifting the bioclimatic envelope in which freshwater biota have evolved and increasing salmonid egg mortality. To mitigate this, conservation flows from reservoirs are often implemented to maintain favourable water temperatures downstream from impoundments throughout salmonid embryo development. However, as water to maintain conservation flows becomes scarcer, there is a need to understand the requirements of salmonid embryos and balance these with anthropogenic demands. This study combines a laboratory‐based and a modelling approach to test the effect of different temperatures on the survival from fertilisation to hatch of a model salmonid species. Further, the effect of dropping temperatures from high to optimal conditions at hatch—a perceived period of greater sensitivity to high temperatures—is tested. The study shows embryo mortality increases with temperature and is greatest during gastrulation and hatch. Also, embryos that experienced high temperatures during gastrulation had high mortality rates at hatch, even when hatch conditions were optimal. This indicates sublethal developmental abnormalities caused by high temperatures during gastrulation increase mortality at hatch. Therefore, to maintain high rates of salmonid embryo survival, cold water resources from reservoirs ideally will target both gastrulation and hatch developmental stages.
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