The impact of two introduced biocontrol agents, Phytomyza vitalbae and Phoma clematidina, on Clematis vitalba in New Zealand

Paynter, Quentin; Waipara, Nick; Peterson, Paul G.; Hona, Shane; Fowler, Simon V.; Gianotti, Alison F.; Wilkie, Paula

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.011

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Leaf exploitation reached its peak during late summer, which was at the end of the growing season of C. odorata, indicating poor synchrony between leaf availability and leaf mining. A similar seasonal response was observed with the leaf-mining Phytomyza vitalbae Kaltenbach (Agromyzidae) which was released against Clematis vitalba L. (Ranunculaceae) in New Zealand, with damage also peaking late in the plant's growing season (Paynter et al, 2006). However, the levels of leaf mining recorded by winter were considerably higher for P. vitalbae in the latter study (20-25% of leaves mined) than for C. eupatorivora in this study (6% of leaves mined).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…In general, because most C. eupatorivora larvae died at an early stage of their development, the mines remained small and the leaves suffered minimal damage. By comparison, larvae of P. vitalbae damaged very little of the available leaf area (≤ 5%) of its target C. vitalba in New Zealand, even though the proportion of leaves mined were considerably higher than recorded in this study (Paynter et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Seasonal activity, habitat preferences and larval mortality of the leaf-mining flyCalycomyza eupatorivora(Agromyzidae), a biological control agent established onChromolaena odorata(Asteraceae) in South Africa

Nzama

Olckers

Zachariades

2014

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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The leaf-mining fly Calycomyza eupatorivora Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) has become widely established in the eastern regions of South Africa, following its release for the biological control of the invasive shrub Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson. This study was conducted to gain some insight into the impact of C. eupatorivora populations, by assessing their seasonal activity, habitat preferences, levels of leaf exploitation and extent of larval mortality in the field over a 1-year period. Leaf mining intensity was poorly synchronised with leaf availability, with leaf exploitation peaking at the end of the growing season of C. odorata. Although significantly more mines were recovered on plants growing in shaded situations, the percentage of available leaves that were exploited for mining was not significantly different between plants growing in shaded versus open situations. Overall, the levels of leaf damage were trivial with mines recovered from <5% of available leaves that were sampled during the study. Besides leaf-quality requirements, these low levels of leaf exploitation may have been influenced by high larval mortality which varied between 60 and 83%, depending on whether lower or higher estimates were used. These evaluations have verified the results of earlier laboratory studies which suggested that the impact of C. eupatorivora on mature populations of C. odorata in South Africa will be negligible.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Seasonal activity, habitat preferences and larval mortality of the leaf-mining flyCalycomyza eupatorivora(Agromyzidae), a biological control agent established onChromolaena odorata(Asteraceae) in South Africa

Nzama

Olckers

Zachariades

2014

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…The record of Phoma clematidina in New Zealand was supported by two ICMP cultures deposited by Paynter et al . () but both were an apparently undescribed species also present on Clematis in Europe, ‘ Didymella vitalbina’ sensu Woudenberg et al . () (see notes below).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same fungus also occurs on Clematis in New Zealand, detected by Paynter et al . () in a survey of C. vitalba at two sites where the P. ‘ clematidina ’ biological control agent had been released by Adrian Spiers in 1996. They found Phoma associated with minor damage and deposited two isolates in ICMP (ICMP 15898, ICMP 15899), both of which were found, in the present study, to match ‘ D. vitalbina ’ sensu Woudenberg et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic validation of historical plant pathology records – a case study based on the fungal genus Phoma from the ICMP culture collection

Johnston

Park

et al. 2017

Plant Pathology

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Fungal taxonomy and classification, and fungal identification tools, are increasingly based on DNA sequencing technologies. In contrast, many historical records of fungi are based on morphologically identified specimens. Scientific collections of specimens or living cultures provide a resource to enable these early records to be genetically validated using modern techniques. This project uses a set of cultures deposited prior to 2008 in the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP) culture collection as Phoma, a genus of high biosecurity importance that is notoriously difficult to identify accurately using morphological characters. Of the 265 cultures sequenced, 23% had been misidentified. These misidentifications mean that six species previously thought to be present in New Zealand probably do not occur there. Fifty specimens had not previously been identified to species level; amongst these were eight species newly reported from New Zealand. Genetic validation projects such as this, using existing scientific collections, are essential for maintaining a robust global biosecurity system. Keywords: barcoding, biosecurity, DNA sequencing, ICMP culture collection, phylogeny, plant pathology IntroductionNew Zealand has strict biosecurity regulations aimed at minimizing risk associated with the importation of unwanted organisms, especially pathogens of plants and animals (Ministry for Primary Industries, 2017). The import of new material of species not known to occur in New Zealand needs a strong case that satisfies the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (Environmental Protection Authority, 2017). Part of the purpose of the Act was to protect the environment, as well as the health and safety of people and communities, by preventing or managing the adverse effects of organisms new to New Zealand.An important tool for the government departments regulating these acts in relation to fungal pathogens is the NZFungi database (http://nzfungi2.landcareresearch.c o.nz/), the most complete catalogue for the fungi of New Zealand. NZFungi attempts to list all of the fungal names that have been used in a New Zealand context, along with the current name for those fungi. It also provides an opinion on whether these fungi actually occur in New Zealand, based on evidence from voucher specimens, cultures, DNA sequences, and literature reports. Most of the 'present in New Zealand' opinions are based on historical identifications made using morphological comparisons. However, for many fungal genera of biosecurity importance, morphologically based identifications are notoriously difficult and unreliable. Current fungal taxa are increasingly distinguished on the basis of DNA sequences, making the genetic validation of records based on morphologically identified specimens desirable.For plant-associated fungi, scientific collections such as the New Zealand Fungarium (PDD, www.landcareresea rch.co.nz/resources/collections/pdd), the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (the ICMP culture collection...

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“…2). Similarly, two biological control agents released to control Clematis vitalba in New Zealand only induced disease symptoms late in the season, resulting in no significant impact on plant growth and only minor reduction of area covered by the invasive weed (Paynter et al 2006), and the impact of two biological control agents of Parthenium hysterophorus had different levels of impact between 1996 and 2000 depending on weather conditions (Dhileepan 2003). Thus, in regions or years with less favourable climatic conditions, the population peak of O. communa may be delayed or reduced to an extent that the impact of this biological control agent on the reproductive output of A. artemisiifolia is considerably impaired.…”

Section: Effect Of In-season O Communa Abundance and Damage On A Armentioning

confidence: 99%

In-season leaf damage by a biocontrol agent explains reproductive output of an invasive plant species

Augustinus

Lommen

Fogliatto

et al. 2020

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One of the biggest challenges in classical biological control of invasive weeds is predicting the likelihood of success. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a North American plant species that has become invasive in Europe, causes economic losses due to health problems resulting from its huge amount of highly allergenic pollen and as a weed to agricultural crops resulting from high seed densities. Here we assessed whether the pollen and seed output of the annual A. artemisiifolia (at the end of the season) is related to in-season abundance of, or damage by, the accidentally introduced biological control agent Ophraella communa. We monitored the growth and leaf damage of individually labelled A. artemisiifolia plants at four locations in Northern Italy and recorded abundance of different O. communa life stages at regular intervals. We found that the in-season level of leaf damage by O. communa consistently helped to explain seed production in combination with plant volume and site throughout the season. Feeding damage, plant volume and site also explained pollen production by A. artemisiifolia six weeks before male flower formation. At three out of four sites, plants with more than 10% leaf damage in mid-June or early July had a very low likelihood of seed formation. Leaf damage proved to be a better explanatory variable than O. communa abundance. Our results suggest that the monitoring of the in-season leaf damage can help to project the local impact of O. communa on A. artemisiifolia at the end of the season and thus inform management regarding the needs for additional measures to control this prominent invader.

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The impact of two introduced biocontrol agents, Phytomyza vitalbae and Phoma clematidina, on Clematis vitalba in New Zealand

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Seasonal activity, habitat preferences and larval mortality of the leaf-mining flyCalycomyza eupatorivora(Agromyzidae), a biological control agent established onChromolaena odorata(Asteraceae) in South Africa

Seasonal activity, habitat preferences and larval mortality of the leaf-mining flyCalycomyza eupatorivora(Agromyzidae), a biological control agent established onChromolaena odorata(Asteraceae) in South Africa

Genetic validation of historical plant pathology records – a case study based on the fungal genus Phoma from the ICMP culture collection

In-season leaf damage by a biocontrol agent explains reproductive output of an invasive plant species

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