The impact of treatment on 3 years' outcome for heroin dependence: findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS)

Teesson, Maree; Mills, Katherine L.; Ross, Joanne; Darke, Shane; Williamson, Anna; Havard, Alys

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02029.x

Cited by 124 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Many studies were excluded due to their sampling criteria. For example, many papers from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study included individuals attending needle exchange services who were not treated for their opiate problem (Darke, 2011;Darke et al, 2011;Darke et al, 2009;Teesson et al, 2015;Teesson et al, 2007). There is substantial variation in what the term "older" or "ageing" encompasses and, therefore, the body of evidence for the target population is small, and the majority of studies do not give their reasoning for their choice of age cut-offs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment for opioid use and outcomes in older adults: a systematic literature review

Carew

Comiskey

2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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A B S T R A C TBackground: Historically, issues relating to problem substance use among older people have received little attention, and have only recently been recognised. Methods: A literature review of relevant material was conducted in November 2015 to assess current outcome research among older adults treated for opioid dependence. Multiple electronic databases were searched and results were supplemented by grey literature, library and online searches, and relevant references within selected articles. Retrieved articles were assessed for relevance against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results were reviewed to identify major findings and recommendations. Results: A total of 76 titles were included in the review. Most research conducted on older adults involves alcohol and prescription medications. Older drug users are growing in number and have a unique profile, with many presenting for treatment for the first time aged 50-70 years. Findings reveal (1) opioid treatment numbers are decreasing, however the average age of treatment admissions is increasing, (2) there is no consensus on what old is (3) two distinct types of older opioid substance users exist (early/late onset), (4) older clients achieve better treatment outcomes than younger counterparts, and (5) older women achieve better treatment outcomes than men. Conclusions: Findings suggest that little is known about treatment outcomes among older people. Problematic drug use (of which opioids make up the largest proportion) had been incorrectly assumed to end as patients age. Defining an age limit for 'older' is important. Addiction and healthcare services must anticipate and prepare for increased demand by this group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment for opioid use and outcomes in older adults: a systematic literature review

Carew

Comiskey

2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…These include the Drug Abuse Reporting Programme (DARP), Treatment Outcomes Prospective Study (TOPS), and Drug Abuse Treatment Outcomes Studies (DATOS) in the United States, [4] the National Treatment Outcomes Research Study (NTORS) in the United Kingdom, [5] the Australian Treatment Outcome Study in Australia, [6] and the Amsterdam Cohort in the Netherlands. [7] These studies showed that length of treatment predicts outcome, with treatment periods of >3 months showing higher rates and longer periods of abstinence.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of adult heroin users v. abstinent users four years after presenting for heroin detoxification treatment

et al. 2014

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Background. There are no studies in South Africa (SA) on the outcomes following detoxification and psychosocial rehabilitation of heroin-dependent patients.Objective. To compare the demographic, clinical, forensic and treatment data of active heroin users v. users who were abstinent at the time of interview 4 years after attending the Opioid Detoxification Unit at Stikland Hospital in the Western Cape Province, SA. Method. Participants included patients above the age of 16 years who had been admitted to the Opioid Detoxification Unit at Stikland Hospital for heroin detoxification between July 2006 and June 2007. Participants were individually interviewed (either in person or telephonically) using a structured self-report questionnaire to collect demographic, clinical, forensic and treatment data 4 years following heroin detoxification treatment at this unit. Results. Of the participants, 60% were abstinent and a large portion (34%) attributed this to social support. Furthermore, there was a significant (p=0.04) difference in the longest period of abstinence between the past user group and active users, with more participants in the past user group being abstinent for 18 months or longer (n=24, 57%) than in the active users group (n=8, 29%). Active users (n=18, 64%) had significantly (p=0.03) more legal problems than abstinent users (n=14, 33%). Most participants (n=38, 54%) relapsed within 3 months after index detoxification and rehabilitation. Conclusion. Active users had more legal problems than abstinent users, with social support structures playing a pivotal role in abstinence. Future research should assess the impact of interventions such as post-discharge social support programmes on criminality and heroin use in those that relapse following treatment.

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“…Substitution treatments, by reducing rates of heroin use and protecting against withdrawal, can enable PWID to be more selective about the circumstances in which they inject (Koester, Anderson, & Hoffer, 1999), and have been associated with a reduction in needle sharing incidents (Gossop, Marsden, Stewart, & Kidd, 2003). Other positive outcomes include heroin overdose and criminal activity decreases (Marsch, 1998;Teesson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid pharmacotherapy: Treatment, regimes, constructions and control

Neale¹

2013

International Journal of Drug Policy

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The impact of treatment on 3 years' outcome for heroin dependence: findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS)

Abstract: At 3 years, there were impressive reductions in drug use, criminality, psychopathology and injection-related health problems following treatment exposure.

Cited by 124 publications

References 29 publications

Treatment for opioid use and outcomes in older adults: a systematic literature review

Treatment for opioid use and outcomes in older adults: a systematic literature review

Outcomes of adult heroin users v. abstinent users four years after presenting for heroin detoxification treatment

Opioid pharmacotherapy: Treatment, regimes, constructions and control

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