“…A variety of studies recognize that trade facilitation measures, including logistics systems in general, have a positive effect on countries' trade flows and, hence, on their productivity (Batra, Kaufmann and Stone, 2003;Wilson, Man and Otsuki, 2003;Engman, 2005;Nordas and others, 2006;Wilson, 2007;Jean-François and others, 2007;Echeverría, 2007;Hummels, 2007;Iwanow and Kirkpatrick, 2007;Martínez-Zarzoso and Márquez-Ramos, 2008;Servín, 2008;Castro, 2010;Djankov, Freund and Pham, 2010;Portugal-Pérez and Wilson, 2012;Moïsé and Sorescu, 2013;Cordero, 2014;Jordaan, 2014;Sant'Anna and De Souza, 2014;Zaki, 2015). Djankov, Freund and Pham (2010) estimated that an additional day's pre-shipment delay would reduce trade by at least 1%.…”