The Impact of Thiamine Treatment in the Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Thiamine acts as a coenzyme for transketolase (Tk) and for the pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes, enzymes which play a fundamental role for intracellular glucose metabolism. The relationship between thiamine and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported in the literature. Thiamine levels and thiamine-dependent enzyme activities have been reduced in DM. Genetic studies provide opportunity to link the relationship between thiamine and DM (such as Tk, SLC19A2 gene, transcription factor Sp1, α-1-antitrypsin, and p53). Thiamine and its derivatives have been demonstrated to prevent the activation of the biochemical pathways (increased flux through the polyol pathway, formation of advanced glycation end-products, activation of protein kinase C, and increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway) induced by hyperglycemia in DM.Thiamine definitively has a role in the diabetic endothelial vascular diseases (micro and macroangiopathy), lipid profile, retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiopathy, and neuropathy.

The relationship between lactate and thiamine levels in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis

“…These results are comparable with those found in a retrospective review of 68 patients previously published by our research group. In that study, 68% of patients with DKA had lactate levels greater than 2.5 mmol/L, and 40% had lactate greater than 4 mmol/L [11]. Taken together, these findings suggest that lactic acidosis in DKA is more common than previously appreciated.…”

“…Thiamine supplementation has been shown to prevent diabetic retinopathy in rats, reduce urinary microalbumin, improve diabetic neuropathy, and reverse hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction [6,7,11]. To date, however, the prevalence and significance of thiamine deficiency have not been studied in relation to DKA.…”

A Machine-Learning-Based Drug Repurposing Approach Using Baseline Regularization

“…However, there might be some potentially interesting findings based on a literature review. For example, thiamine HCL is reported to reduce the adverse effect of hyperglycemia by inhibiting certain biological pathways [27], and deficiency of thiamine is observed in diabetic patients [17]. Ciprofloxacin HCL could lead to hypoglycemia, according to the medication guide from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [5].…”

Computational Drug Repositioning Using Continuous Self-Controlled Case Series

“…Several cases of hypoglycemia linked to the use of Neurontin have also been reported [39]. Thiamine is reported to reduce the adverse effect of hyperglycemia by inhibiting certain biological pathways [40] and deficiency of thiamine is observed in diabetic patients [41]. Cardura is found to reduce insulin resilience in a study on hypertensive patients with diabetes [42].…”