The impact of the time delay on the load frequency control system in microgrid with plug-in-electric vehicles

Khalil, Ashraf; Rajab, Zakariya; Alfergani, Asma; Mohamed, Omar

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.08.012

Cited by 79 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The various control elements using proportional (P), integrator (I), derivative (D), tilt (T) and derivative filter (F) have been widely combined in the literature for developing various LFC systems. The PI controller has been presented in [18] for EVs. However, this controller exhibited stability issues, especially when considering the time delays of the communication system.…”

Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Modified Fractional Order Controller for Future Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy-Based Interconnected Power Systems

et al. 2021

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Several issues have been risen due to the recent vast installations of renewable energy sources (RESs) instead of fossil fuel sources in addition to the replacement of electric vehicles (EVs) for fuel-powered vehicles. Mitigating frequency deviations and tie-line power fluctuations has become driving challenge for the control design of interconnected power systems. RESs represent continuously varying power generators due to their nature and dependency on the environmental conditions. In this context, this article presents a new modified hybrid fractional order controller for load frequency and EVs control in interconnected power systems. The new controller combines the benefits of two widely employed fractional order controllers, including the FOPID and TID controllers. In addition, a new practical application of recent artificial ecosystem optimization (AEO) method has been proposed in this article for determining simultaneously the optimum controller parameters. The proposed controller and optimization method are validated on two areas interconnected power system with different types of RESs and with considering the natural characteristics of sources, EVs and load variations. Obtained simulation results verify the superior performance of the proposed controller and optimization method for achieving high mitigation of frequency fluctuations and tie-line power deviations, increased robustness, enhanced system stability over a wide range of parameters uncertainty and fast response during transients.INDEX TERMS Artificial ecosystem optimization, electric vehicles (EVs), fractional order controller, load frequency control, renewable energy sources.

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Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Modified Fractional Order Controller for Future Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy-Based Interconnected Power Systems

et al. 2021

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“…The communication channels are liable for time delays [13]. The time delays in the communication channels can negatively affect the control system performance [26]. For instance, large time delays cause instability of the systems, i.e.…”

Section: Communication Time‐delay In Frequency Control Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust PI controller design for frequency stabilisation in a hybrid microgrid system considering parameter uncertainties and communication time delay

Veronica¹,

Kumar²,

González-Longatt

2019

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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“…There are many different studies conducted on V2G control [6,7,[19][20][21][22][23], but our control framework is completely based on what has been proposed in [8], a particular decentralized V2G control framework for primary frequency regulation considering charging demands, because it considers the most complete form. Previous studies on V2G control have been limited to the simple models of EVs and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) [8,[19][20][21][22][23][24], while an attempt to model them based on their power converters and control systems has been done in this paper in the light of recent relevant studies [14,[25][26][27]. It enables future researchers to simulate V2G in short-term periods accurately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term interaction between electric vehicles and microgrid in decentralized vehicle-to-grid control methods

Bayati

Abedi

Gharehpetian

et al. 2019

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

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In this paper, a particular standard MicroGrid (MG) is accurately simulated in the presence of the Electric Vehicles (EVs) participating in decentralized primary frequency control service. It examines effect of number of the participating EVs on the short-term dynamic behaviour. The simulation results confirm that frequency deviation will not definitely become zero even though an unlimited number of the EVs participate. The output power of each EV is determined according to the frequency deviation. On the other hand, the output power of each EV affects the value of the frequency deviation, especially in small-scale MGs and MGs with predominant inductance behaviour. Eventually, an equilibrium point is reached after a new EV is added that depends on the characteristics of the MG and the functions executed in the MG central controller during such a service. Additionally, effect of Reflex method, an advanced charging technique for EVs, on the frequency deviation is examined.

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The impact of the time delay on the load frequency control system in microgrid with plug-in-electric vehicles

Cited by 79 publications

References 36 publications

Optimum Modified Fractional Order Controller for Future Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy-Based Interconnected Power Systems

Optimum Modified Fractional Order Controller for Future Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy-Based Interconnected Power Systems

Robust PI controller design for frequency stabilisation in a hybrid microgrid system considering parameter uncertainties and communication time delay

Short-term interaction between electric vehicles and microgrid in decentralized vehicle-to-grid control methods

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