The impact of the soil environment on the growth of root systems

McMichael, B. L.; Quisenberry, J. E.

doi:10.1016/0098-8472(93)90055-k

Cited by 99 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Temperature is one of the most prominent environmental factors (Cumbus and Nye 1982;Abbas Al-Ani and Hay 1983;McMichael and Quisenberry 1993), and soils in the field show characteristic temperature gradients and diurnal oscillations that can strongly affect root growth ). Investigations have also demonstrated that the interaction of root and shoot growth is significantly influenced by the root zone temperature (DeLucia et al 1992;Engels 1994), and that the unconventional homogeneous temperature regimes to which roots are exposed in pots during laboratory experiments might be a major source of discrepancies between findings from laboratory and field experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature responses of roots: impact on growth, root system architecture and implications for phenotyping

Nagel

Kastenholz

Jahnke

et al. 2009

Functional Plant Biol.

217

176

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Abstract. Root phenotyping is a challenging task, mainly because of the hidden nature of this organ. Only recently, imaging technologies have become available that allow us to elucidate the dynamic establishment of root structure and function in the soil. In root tips, optical analysis of the relative elemental growth rates in root expansion zones of hydroponically-grown plants revealed that it is the maximum intensity of cellular growth processes rather than the length of the root growth zone that control the acclimation to dynamic changes in temperature. Acclimation of entire root systems was studied at high throughput in agar-filled Petri dishes. In the present study, optical analysis of root system architecture showed that low temperature induced smaller branching angles between primary and lateral roots, which caused a reduction in the volume that roots access at lower temperature. Simulation of temperature gradients similar to natural soil conditions led to differential responses in basal and apical parts of the root system, and significantly affected the entire root system. These results were supported by first data on the response of root structure and carbon transport to different root zone temperatures. These data were acquired by combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). They indicate acclimation of root structure and geometry to temperature and preferential accumulation of carbon near the root tip at low root zone temperatures. Overall, this study demonstrated the value of combining different phenotyping technologies that analyse processes at different spatial and temporal scales. Only such an integrated approach allows us to connect differences between genotypes obtained in artificial high throughput conditions with specific characteristics relevant for field performance. Thus, novel routes may be opened up for improved plant breeding as well as for mechanistic understanding of root structure and function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature responses of roots: impact on growth, root system architecture and implications for phenotyping

Nagel

Kastenholz

Jahnke

et al. 2009

Functional Plant Biol.

217

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies have shown that well-watered conditions reduce rooting depth (McMichael and Quisenberry 1993). This may account for the shallow depth of effective soil water extraction observed at LB97, an irrigated site with the highest water use (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evapotranspiration efficiency of pea in south and central Alberta

McKenzie¹,

Middleton²,

Flore³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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[473][474][475][476]. Evapotranspiration (ET) efficiency regulates suitability and management of crops on the Canadian prairies. To evaluate the ET efficiency of pea (Pisum sativum L.), soil water depletion and yields as a function of precipitation were determined for Carneval pea at 28 sites in south and central Alberta from 1995 to 1998. Soil water depletion between seeding and harvest was as high as 112 mm at sites with high levels of available soil water at seeding and low to moderate levels of precipitation. Pea was capable of extracting soil water to a depth of about 0.6 m at most sites, but extraction of soil water below this depth was much more variable. At sites where soil water did not limit the depth of soil water extraction, a negative correlation was observed between the maximum depth of effective soil water extraction and the sum of maximum temperature degree-days above 25.6°C. The ET efficiency of pea seed yield ranged from 7.5 to 19.1 kg ha -1 mm -1 , with an average value of 13.0 kg ha -1 mm -1 . No correlation was observed between ET efficiency and weather variables, such as average temperature, vapor pressure deficit or length of the growing season.

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“…The increase in root growth observed following stress at 25 to 35EC also supports the finding of Arndt (1945) who reported an optimum daily temperature range from 33 to 36EC for maximum seedling growth in cotton. On the other hand McMichael and Quisenberry (1993) reported that the optimum temperature for cotton root growth was between 28-35EC; temperature below or above this range reduced to the root length of cotton. The findings reported by Arndt (1945), Tharp (1960), Gerard (1971, Wanjura and Buxten (1972) and McMichael and Quisenberry (1993) agree well with our observation that cotton radicle elongation was inhibited above 38EC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patel and Vora (1987) reported that even a 2 min heat stress at 47.5EC applied to rice seedlings inhibited shoot and root growth, They further stated that the heat stress also altered the percentage water content, free amino acid levels, chlorophyll alb ratio and level of carotenoids. The exact mechanism(s) of the response of roots to different soil temperatures has not been determined (McMichael and Quisenberry, 1993). Some researchers are of the opinion that changes in protoplasmic resistance can account for the observed responses, particularly the reduction in water uptake (Bowen, 1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermotolerance in Cotton Roots at Early Stage of Emergence

Sethar¹,

Laidman²,

Pahoja³

et al. 2001

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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Abstract:The objective of the study was to ascertain the effects of high temperature stress on root growth of cotton genotypes viz. Qalandari, MNH-93, Rehmani, 5-12, CIM-70, SLH-41, MS-84, K-68-9, CRIS-6 and CiM-109. The seeds were germinated for 48h at 25+0.5EC. After 48 h they were heat stressed for 2 h at 25 (internal control), 30, 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5 and 45EC in a waterbath and re-incubated at 25EC for a further 22 h, making a total germination period of 72 h. The root growth in all cultivars showed a good tolerance upto 35EC. At 45EC the roots of all cultivars were irreversibly damaged. Between 35 and 45EC the cultivars behaved differently, however. Cultivars Qalandari and Rehmani were more heat tolerant, and cv. 5.12 least heat tolerant.

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The impact of the soil environment on the growth of root systems

Cited by 99 publications

References 33 publications

Temperature responses of roots: impact on growth, root system architecture and implications for phenotyping

Temperature responses of roots: impact on growth, root system architecture and implications for phenotyping

Evapotranspiration efficiency of pea in south and central Alberta

Thermotolerance in Cotton Roots at Early Stage of Emergence

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