“…The impact on the financial markets of Russia's invasion of Ukraine remains under debate (Abbassi et al, 2023;Basnet et al, 2022;Boubaker et al, 2022;Boungou and Yatie, 2022;Deng et al, 2022;Nerlinger and Utz, 2022;Tosun and Eshraghi, 2022;Yousaf et al, 2022;Kamal et al, 2023;Kumari et al, 2023;. Most studies have stated that the war has negatively impacted the financial markets due to increased geopolitical risks (Abbassi et al, 2023;Basnet et al, 2022;Boubakera et al al., 2022;Boungou and Yatie, 2022;Deng et al, 2022;Tosun and Eshraghi, 2022;Yousaf et al, 2022).…”