The Impact of the Rural Population Component on Homicide Rates in the United States: A County‐Level Analysis

Kowalski, Gregory S.; Duffield, Don W.

doi:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1990.tb00674.x

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…While several studies have provided arguments about a cause of violence in rural areas (see, for example, Freudenberg and Jones 1991;Kowalski and Duffield 1990;Kposowa and Breault 1993;Kposowa, Breault, and Harrison 1995;Petee and Kowalski 1993) it still remains unclear if the causes in rural areas are distinct from those in urban areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crime Specialization in Rural British Columbia, Canada

Carleton

Brantingham

2014

Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice

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L'article avance l'argument qu'il faut compléter les taux de criminalité traditionnels par des quotients de l'emplacement des crimes (QEC) afin d'expliquer les tendances de criminalité au sein d'environnements ruraux. Bien qu'elle ait été ignorée auparavant, la surreprésentation de la violence rurale doit être évaluée afin de réduire la criminalité. Une étude se concentrant sur les infractions contre les biens et les crimes violents dans la province canadienne de la Colombie-Britannique démontre une différence marquée dans la distribution des types précis de criminalité, ce qui indiquerait la possibilité d'une différence urbaine-rurale en matière de causes de la criminalité. Cet article démontre que, en Colombie-Britannique, les zones rurales peuvent être considérées comme étant des zones qui se spécialisent dans les crimes violents.Mots clés : violence rurale, criminalité rurale, taux de criminalité, quotient de l'emplacement, Colombie-BritanniqueThe article presents an argument for supplementing traditional crime rates with crime location quotients (LQC) for purposes of explaining crime patterns within rural environments. Although largely ignored in the past, the overrepresentation of rural violence requires assessment for crime reduction purposes. Focusing on property and violent offences distributed across the Canadian province of British Columbia, there is a sharp divide in terms of the distribution of specific types of crime that reflects the possibility of an urbanrural difference in terms of crime causation. This article demonstrates that, in British Columbia, rural areas might be considered to be areas that specialize in violent offending.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crime Specialization in Rural British Columbia, Canada

Carleton

Brantingham

2014

Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice

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“…The focus on rural crime began in part with the interest of rural sociologists about the various impacts of rapid population and economic growth associated with energy development in small, western towns (Freudenburg & Jones 1991;Krannich, Berry & Greider 1989;Krannich, Greider & Little 1985;Seydlitz et al 1993;Wilkinson et al 1984). This has blossomed into a more general interest in rural crime vis-à-vis the relationship of social change and its impact on rural peoples and places (Arthur 1991;Barnett & Mencken 2002;Cancino 2005;Deller & Deller 2010;Donnermeyer, Jobes & Barclay 2007;Jobes et al 2004;Kowalski & Duffield 1990;Lee, Maume & Ousey 2003;Osgood & Chambers 2000;Rephann et al 1999;Resig & Cancino 2004;Wells & Weisheit 2004;Wilkinson 1984aWilkinson , 1984b. Both sets of literature share a common conceptual root, which is the utilization of such concepts as gemeinschaft, cohesion, integration, collective efficacy, and social capital to describe the structural characteristics of rural places in relation to crime (Deller & Deller 2010;Donnermeyer 2007;Donnermeyer & DeKeseredy 2008;Sampson, Raudenbush & Earls 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Structure and Informal Social Control in Rural Communities

Li¹

2011

International Journal of Rural Criminology

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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social structure and crime in rural counties of the United States. Social structures are assumed to be associated with informal control of crime, and as well, it is assumed that structural changes in rural communities influence changes in the level of informal social control of crime, hence, crime itself. Social disorganization theory provides a useful macro-level study frame for this study. The county is the study unit. Data from 2,050 non-metropolitian counties were collected, using three different sources: the census, the FBI Uniform Crime Report, and the USDA Economic Research Service. US Counties data files of the US Bureau of Census provide the demographic and social economic variables for 1990 and 2000.The results show that social structural change in rural communities reduces social control in rural communities to some extent. The applications of findings are discussed in terms of future research on crime in rural communities.

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“…Bankston et al (1987) have argued that to understand fear of crime, we need to know how it operates in different communities. Kowalski and Duffield (1990) have pointed out that there are two contrasting assumptions about rurality and its impact on crime. One is the view of rural areas as close-knit, well-integrated communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the existing research is based on data from small towns (Lee 1982). Farm regions may generate very different kinds of anxieties about crime (Kowalski and Duffield 1990).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concern About Crime Among Montana Farmers and Ranchers¹

1992

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The effects of previous victimization, distance from law enforcement and neighbors, and sufficiency of police patrols on fear of crime are estimated using data from Montana farmers and ranchers. Victimization has the strongest direct effect. Distance from police and neighbors seems to heighten sensitivity to lesser police patrol activity in isolated areas, which in turn increases concern about criminal victimization. Fear of crime in rural farm areas reflects, in part, the spatial arrangements and related consequences of living in these regions.

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The Impact of the Rural Population Component on Homicide Rates in the United States: A County‐Level Analysis

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Crime Specialization in Rural British Columbia, Canada

Crime Specialization in Rural British Columbia, Canada

Social Structure and Informal Social Control in Rural Communities

Concern About Crime Among Montana Farmers and Ranchers¹

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The Impact of the Rural Population Component on Homicide Rates in the United States: A County‐Level Analysis

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Crime Specialization in Rural British Columbia, Canada

Crime Specialization in Rural British Columbia, Canada

Social Structure and Informal Social Control in Rural Communities

Concern About Crime Among Montana Farmers and Ranchers1

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Concern About Crime Among Montana Farmers and Ranchers¹