“…On the other hand, abnormal returns in excess of the local stock market index were calculated instead of the MSCI country index (although some countries do not have a local market index). Moreover, instead of using the market model to compute abnormal returns, the modified market model used in several event studies was estimated (Bouwman, Fuller, and Nain 2009;Brown and Warner 1985;Nicholson and Salaber 2013;Rao-Nicholson and Salaber 2014b), where abnormal returns at day τ are equal to the difference between bidder returns and market returns: AR iτ = R iτ -R mτ . Overall, the results were consistent, and sometimes stronger, under different specifications of CAR.…”