“…What we have outlined above is only one aspect of the interaction between different policy instruments, that is, the synergy effect; the other one is the possible conflict effect. Some previous studies have pointed out that too stringent a policy for supporting renewable energy may lower carbon prices by reducing the demand for carbon emission permits in the carbon market (Fankhauser et al, 2010;Fischer and Preonas, 2010;Greaker et al, 2008), which would undermine the effect of the emission trading scheme on emission abatement and, especially, on low carbon energy investment (Grubb and Neuhoff, 2006;Abadie and Chamorro, 2008;Blanco and Rodrigues, 2008;Nordhaus, 2011;Mo et al, 2012;Löfgren et al, 2013;Mo et al, 2016). For example, the carbon prices set out by the EU ETS are low for several reasons, including the generous allocation of allowances, the lavish use of credits from offsetting projects, the outbreak of the financial crisis and so on.…”