The Impact of the Cultural Revolution in China on the Mongolians of Inner Mongolia

Sneath, David

doi:10.1017/s0026749x00012464

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…They have become extremely popular from the late 1990s and early 2000s, when the revival of Mongolian tradition gained momentum. This revival can be traced back to the late 1970s and early 1980s, after the turbulence and chaos caused by the Cultural Revolution (1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977) in China subsided (Narantuya 2010;Sneath 1994). In the early 2000s, a group of professional Mongolian cultural media companies specializing in weddings emerged on the market, and they are staffed with h€ utlegch, venue decorators, singers, dancers, and wedding planners (Suye 2011).…”

Section: The Ideologized Mongolian Wedding Speech Genrementioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Mongolian Wedding Speech Genres in Bilingual Bicultural Urban Inner Mongolia

Baioud

2021

J Linguistic Anthropol

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In Mongolian culture, wedding speeches are a traditional component of a marriage celebration, but in bilingual, bicultural urban Inner Mongolia, China, two hybrid genres have emerged which reflect competing ideologies of languages and speakers. There can be a Mongolian performance with a commentary in Chinese, or a blended Mongolian and Chinese language performance. In these hybrids, Mongolian is often associated with a minority status but an authentic tradition, while Chinese seems to represent a modern majority, but alien, culture. By situating the hybrid and bilingual Mongolian wedding speech genre in the contexts of Mongolian cultural loss and revival, urbanization, and the increasing weight of the Chinese state’s political discourse in public space, the study unravels the complexity and contestations inherent in a hybridized traditional Mongolian speech genre. Drawing on the inherent duality of genre, that is its boundedness/monology and its plasticity/heteroglossia, this paper presents ethnographic evidence of these sociolinguistic representations, and contributes to the understanding of hybrid genre, agency, and a transforming expressive culture in the context of social displacement, cultural shift, and internal colonization in China.

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Section: The Ideologized Mongolian Wedding Speech Genrementioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Mongolian Wedding Speech Genres in Bilingual Bicultural Urban Inner Mongolia

Baioud

2021

J Linguistic Anthropol

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“…Yet at the very moment that many marin huur players saw their careers taking off in the mid-1960s, many Mongol musicians, including Bulag, were persecuted as the Cultural Revolution reached Inner Mongolia. In 1967, thousands of Mongol artists and elites were either imprisoned or killed in what became one of the most horrific purges of the Cultural Revolution (Hyer and Heaton 1968;Sneath 1994;Brown 2006). The year 1976 marked the close of the Cultural Revolution after the death of Mao Zedong.…”

Section: From the Grassland To The Conservatorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving Change, Sparking Debate: Chi Bulag and theMorin Huurin Inner Mongolia, China

D'Evelyn¹

2014

yearb. tradit. music

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On a typically humid afternoon in Beijing, China, my young Mongol friend brought me to his basement studio where his ensemble, Ih Tsetsn, was preparing to rehearse for an upcoming show. The group of young urban Mongols included six players of the morin huur (horse-head fiddle, matouqin in Mandarin), an upright bassist, and a drum kit player. The group played a collection of upbeat compositions and ended its rehearsal session with the rousing morin huur classic, “Ten Thousand Horses Galloping,” by the Inner Mongol composer-performer, Chi Bulag (b. 1944; see figure 4). Playing from memory, the fiddle players grinned at one another, drew their bows energetically across their nylon-stringed instruments, and rocked their heads vigorously to the beat of the drummer.

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“…Still, the appointments of cadre Party workers from central provinces are a poorly understood issue. So, the 'Cultural Revolution' in Heaton 1971;Sneath 1994;Tümen, Ju 1996;Жамсран, Эрдэнэбаяр, Алтанцэцэг 1996;Yang 2013] 1999]. Они содержат официальные документы -указы, постановления, директивы.…”

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От Политики «четырех Чисток» К Созданию Ревкомов В Хулун-Буире (К Реконструкции Событий Начального Этапа «культурной Революции»)

Tsybenov¹,

Ochirov²

2020

Oriental Studies

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Introduction. Peculiarities of the ‘Cultural Revolution’ in China’s national regions remain a poorly studied issue in modern Oriental studies. In this regard, Hulunbuir league of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had been a strategically important and geopolitically significant region of the country. This territory bordered on the Mongolian People’s Republic and the USSR, therefore the central government of China considered its population potentially dangerous and marginal. The People’s Revolutionary Party of Inner Mongolia had two party factions in Hulunbuir league: the ‘unification’ faction, and the ‘justice’ one. The Maoists viewed the ‘Mongol Unification’ faction of the People’s Revolutionary Party of Inner Mongolia as a particularly dangerous, separatist trend. Goals. The paper aims to examine the political events and facts that took place in Hulunbuir league in 1965–1968. Objectives. Chronologically, the first objective is to examine the ideological and political campaigns —struggle against the ‘Four Olds’, and the ‘Four Purges’ — as a prehistory to the ‘Cultural Revolution’. The second objective is to analyze the cardinal changes that took place in the leadership of the party committee and local authorities in 1966–1968. The third problem studied deals with repressive activities of the Red Guards and Zaofan in Hulunbuir league, their division into two fighting camps. The fourth objective is to examine the creation of the aimag revolutionary committee and its activities in 1968. Materials. The work analyzes three collections of official documents published in the PRC. The information thereof is supplemented with materials from works by Russian and foreign authors. The article provides a comparative analysis of events and facts, translates some terms from Mongolian and Chinese. Results. The introducing part the paper examines a prehistory of the ‘Cultural Revolution’, the ideological and political campaigns. Its main part studies the events of the ‘Cultural Revolution’ in the region. In July of 1966, a special working group arrived in Hailar on behalf of the CPC Northern Bureau. Members of this group were cadre Party workers from Hubei and Shanxi provinces. In September of 1966, Party Committee Secretary of Hulunbuir league Qi Junshan and Deputy Secretary Zhargal were dismissed from their posts. Red Guards appeared in Hulunbuir in August of 1966 and began organizing ‘struggle meetings’. They actively recruited local Mongolian youth. In 1967, the Red Guards in Hulunbuir split into two opposing factions. They were confronting each other and for a while forgot about ‘class enemies’. Activities of the Red Guards were out of control of the regional authorities, and the situation needed stabilization. In March of 1967, the State Council and the Central Military Commission of the People’s Republic of China decided to create a military council in Hulunbuir league, also referred to as ‘the first line to contain the Revolution and stimulate production’. On December 20, 1967, a revolutionary committee was formed in Hailar. In March of 1968, Shangmin, a loyal follower of Mao Zedong, became the leader of the revolutionary committee. Making false accusations, he intensified repressions against members of the ‘Mongol Unification’ faction. Conclusions. Political events in Hulunbuir league in 1965–1968 were directly related to the situation in the whole autonomous region and country. Repressions against members of the ‘Mongol Unification’ faction were a distinctive feature of the repressive policy in the region. Still, the appointments of cadre Party workers from central provinces are a poorly understood issue. So, the ‘Cultural Revolution’ in this territory of Inner Mongolia obviously has local features that require further scientific research.

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The Impact of the Cultural Revolution in China on the Mongolians of Inner Mongolia

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Transforming Mongolian Wedding Speech Genres in Bilingual Bicultural Urban Inner Mongolia

Transforming Mongolian Wedding Speech Genres in Bilingual Bicultural Urban Inner Mongolia

Driving Change, Sparking Debate: Chi Bulag and theMorin Huurin Inner Mongolia, China

От Политики «четырех Чисток» К Созданию Ревкомов В Хулун-Буире (К Реконструкции Событий Начального Этапа «культурной Революции»)

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