The Impact Of The Cost Of Paid Parking For Private Cars And Public Transport Fare On The Structure Of Urban Mobility

Abstract

The experience of European cities shows that with the introduction of free-fare public transport, the share of public transport trips increases insignificantly, while the number of trips by individual transport, bicycle and on foot decreases. The most common way to reduce the number of trips by private cars is to introduce parking fees and regulate the tariff. The paper examines the impact of public transport fare paid parking fees on the transport demand structure. The structure of transport demand is determined using simulation modeling on a transport macro-model of a large city with a population of 800 thousand people that do not have off-street transport. The paper proposes a criterion for determining generalized costs of travel by different transport systems, which converts monetary costs into time fares. This made it possible to take into account the costs of movement by different types of transport (private and public transport, CarSharing, taxi, pedestrian and bicycle movements). With the introduction of paid parking fees up to 80 rubles per hour, the share of private transport trips reduced from 45.5% to 37.3%. With the introduction of free public transport, private transport trips share reduced to 39.9% with a significant increase in the costs of the municipal budget.

Sustainability of the Free Public Transport Model in the Republic of Croatia

“…One of the primary environmental benefits of introducing free public transport is the potential reduction in traffic congestion and vehicle emissions. By encouraging the public to switch from private cars to public transport, significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants could be achieved, improving air quality and contributing to a healthier urban environment (Fadyushin and Zakharov, 2022;Sinha et al, 2019). This transition aligns with global efforts to combat climate change and local initiatives aimed at improving air quality in Croatian cities.…”

“…The debate on the effectiveness and limitations of free urban public transport continues (Dydkowski and Gnap, 2019). Fadyushin and Zakharov (2022) emphasize that the transition to free public transport may only result in a modest increase in public transport usage, accompanied by a reduction in individual trips by mode of transport. Studies using multimodal transport models have identified a significant shift towards public transport after the adoption of free fare policies, consequently reducing the use of private cars (Kilani et al, 2022).…”