The Impact of the Bruce Invasion, 1315–27

Lydon, James

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539703.003.0011

Cited by 31 publications

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“… 56 The Lordship of Ireland, the destination of thousands of British migrants in the first half of the thirteenth century, was in an even more parlous state than England: to the devastation wrought by the weather was added the military and political turmoil consequent upon the Scottish invasion of 1315 (fig. 4); Lydon, ‘Impact of the Bruce invasion’; Smith, Colonisation and conquest , pp. 105–12. …”

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Nature as historical protagonist: environment and society in pre‐industrial England

Campbell

2010

The Economic History Review

177

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This article compares chronologies reconstructed from historical records of prices, wages, grain harvests, and population with corresponding chronologies of growing conditions and climatic variations derived from dendrochronology and Greenland ice-cores. It demonstrates that in pre-industrial, and especially late medieval, England, short-term environmental shocks and more enduring shifts in environmental conditions (sometimes acting in concert with biological agencies) exercised a powerful influence upon the balance struck between population and available resources via their effects upon the reproduction, health and life expectancy of humans, crops, and livestock. Prevailing socio-economic conditions and institutions, in turn, shaped society's susceptibility to these environmental shocks and shifts.B raudel opened his great trilogy, Civilisation and capitalism, 15th-18th century, by likening the rhythm of population change over the pre-industrial centuries to a series of tides, whose 'alternate demographic ebb and flow . . . make almost everything else seem secondary'. 2 The marine analogy is powerful but paradoxical: the causes of oceanic tides are so well understood that their ebb and flow may be predicted with precision, whereas the mechanisms responsible for these human tides remain enigmatic. Even counting, measuring, and dating the latter can be a considerable challenge given the difficulty of observing population trends before the advent of explicit demographic evidence in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. For earlier periods Braudel's 'alternate demographic ebb and flow' can usually only be inferred from an array of 1 This lecture is dedicated to the memory of two distinguished medievalists who both died in 2007, their work incomplete: Professor Larry Epstein and Professor Harold Fox. I am grateful to Professor Richard Smith for the invitation to give it. The final version of the lecture was written during a period of research leave spent at the Malcomson cast an expert eye over the text and provided advice and encouragement at a critical stage. Three referees and the editors offered suggestions which proved helpful in translating the text from the medium of a lecture into that of an article. Finally, particular thanks are due to Mike Baillie, Professor Emeritus of Palaeoecology, The Queen's University of Belfast, for many stimulating conversations and for providing data and advice on dendrochronology. He nevertheless bears no responsibility for the views expressed in the following pages.2 Braudel, Civilization and capitalism, p. 31.

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Nature as historical protagonist: environment and society in pre‐industrial England

Campbell

2010

The Economic History Review

177

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“…171 In Ireland, where the impact of the bad weather was massively compounded by a Scottish invasion, the crisis is likely to have been even more acute. 172 Although there are no Irish statistical series of yields and prices, palaeoclimatic reconstructions leave little doubt that Ireland experienced weather of comparable severity to England. 173 The Annals of Loch Cé testify that 1315 brought 'intolerable, destructive bad weather', while the Annals of Clonmacnoise elaborate slightly on what was a common earlier account from a shared exemplar, describing 'ugly and foul weather' in the summer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Climate, disease and society in late-medieval Ireland

Campbell¹,

Ludlow²

2020

Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy

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Palaeoclimatic data are used to track the significant changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and weather conditions that affected Ireland between 1000 and 1500 CE. How these climatic developments and associated shifts in the epidemiological environment were mapped onto Irish society is explored using a tree-ring chronology reflecting the retreat and advance of oak woodland. Years characterised by significant weather-related food scarcities are identified from the Gaelic and Anglo-Irish Annals in combination with the independent record

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The European Mortality Crises of 1346–52 and Advent of the Little Ice Age

Campbell

2017

Famines During the ʻLittle Ice Ageʼ (1300-1800)

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The Impact of the Bruce Invasion, 1315–27

Cited by 31 publications

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Nature as historical protagonist: environment and society in pre‐industrial England

Nature as historical protagonist: environment and society in pre‐industrial England

Climate, disease and society in late-medieval Ireland

The European Mortality Crises of 1346–52 and Advent of the Little Ice Age

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