The impact of surface science on the commercialization of chemical processes

Somorjai, Gábor A.; Park, Jeong Young

doi:10.1007/s10562-007-9137-2

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…A common approach to study heterogeneous catalyst materials is surface science by means of surface science techniques, in particular spectroscopy [4]. These techniques allow one to characterize and investigate surfaces and interfaces (routinely) and improved their understanding significantly [5,6]. However, the techniques of surface science are mainly restricted to UHV pressure conditions, thus are in general only applicable under 'ideal' conditions far from real catalyst environments.…”

Section: Motivation For Cluster Catalysis and State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The complexity gap is covering the study of gas and mass transport phenomena, which additionally to materials and pressure gaps need to be considered [178]. 20 The first example was the calculation of the rate of ammonia formation under industrial conditions [176,177], based on well studied single-crystal surface reactions [74,181,6].…”

Section: Materials and Pressure Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalysis with Supported Size-selected Pt Clusters

Schweinberger¹

2014

Springer Theses

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Under ultra high vacuum conditions the electronic structure, adsorption properties and reactivity of two olefins on surfaces and Pt clusters were probed in the submonolayer range. With adsorbed trichloroethene a possible cluster-adsorbate induced change in the electronic structure and for ethene a low temperature, size dependent self-/hydrogenation was observed.In a collaborative approach, the Pt clusters were investigated under ambient pressure conditions. The clusters were characterized on local and integral level and tested towards temperature stability. Experiments in gas phase μ-reactors and in liquid, as part of a hybrid photo catalytic system, revealed size dependent reactivity.

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Section: Motivation For Cluster Catalysis and State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Pressure Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalysis with Supported Size-selected Pt Clusters

Schweinberger¹

2014

Springer Theses

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“…The current technologies developing most rapidly within modern surface chemistry are shown in Figure 2 14 . These applications include catalysis, biointerfaces, electrochemistry and corrosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular surface chemistry by metal single crystals and nanoparticles from vacuum to high pressure

2008

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Model systems for studying molecular surface chemistry have evolved from single crystal surfaces at low pressure to colloidal nanoparticles at high pressure. Low pressure surface structure studies of platinum single crystals using molecular beam surface scattering and low energy electron diffraction techniques probe the unique activity of defects, steps and kinks at the surface for dissociation reactions (H-H, C-H, C-C, O=O bonds). High-pressure investigations of platinum single crystals using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy have revealed the presence and the nature of reaction intermediates. High pressure scanning tunneling microscopy of platinum single crystal surfaces showed adsorbate mobility during a catalytic reaction. Nanoparticle systems are used to determine the role of metal-oxide interfaces, site blocking and the role of surface structures in reactive surface chemistry. The size, shape and composition of nanoparticles play important roles in determining reaction activity and selectivity.

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“…Over the last several decades, surface science has undergone revolutionary advances that reveal on the atomic-and molecular-level structural, dynamic, compositional, and thermodynamic properties of surfaces that are utilized in chemical process development to correlate these data with adsorption and reaction rates and catalytic selectivity to deliver desired chemical properties (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). In this review, we highlight recent studies of three important aspects in developing instrumentation, concepts, and model systems that permitted the rapid evolution of surface science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts, instruments, and model systems that enabled the rapid evolution of surface science

Somorjai

Park

2009

Surface Science

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Over the past forty years, surface science has evolved to become both an atomic scale and a molecular scale science. Gerhard Ertl's group has made major contributions in the field of molecular scale surface science, focusing on vacuum studies of adsorption chemistry on single crystal surfaces. In this review, we outline three important aspects that led to the recent advances of surface chemistry: the development of concepts, in situ instruments for molecular scale surface studies at buried interfaces (solid-gas and solidliquid), and new model nanoparticle surface systems in addition to single crystals.Combined molecular beam surface scattering and low energy electron diffraction (LEED)-surface structure studies on metal single crystal surfaces revealed new concepts, including adsorbate-induced surface restructuring and the unique activity of defects, atomic steps and kinks on metal surfaces. We have combined high pressure catalytic reaction studies with ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface characterization techniques using the UHV chamber equipped with a high-pressure reaction cell. New instruments, such as high pressure sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been built that permit molecular-level surface studies performed at pressures. Tools that can access broad ranges of pressures can be used for both the in situ characterization of buried interfaces of solid-gas and solid-liquid and the study of catalytic reaction intermediates. The model systems for the study of molecular 2 surface chemistry have evolved from single crystals to nanoparticles in the 1-10 nm size range, which are the preferred media in catalytic reaction studies.

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The impact of surface science on the commercialization of chemical processes

Cited by 49 publications

References 65 publications

Catalysis with Supported Size-selected Pt Clusters

Catalysis with Supported Size-selected Pt Clusters

Molecular surface chemistry by metal single crystals and nanoparticles from vacuum to high pressure

Concepts, instruments, and model systems that enabled the rapid evolution of surface science

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