The impact of sport-hunting on the population dynamics of an African lion population in a protected area

Loveridge, Andrew J.; Searle, Anne; Murindagomo, Felix; Macdonald, David W.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.010

Cited by 266 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This perspective has had a great influence and, consequently, the "land sparing" policy of securing large PAs and reducing negative edge effects has become a contemporary paradigm for conservation of large carnivores. In line with this perspective, many African parks are protected islands that increase large carnivore survival in otherwise human-influenced surroundings, but also experience substantial edge effects in terms of anthropogenic mortality (Loveridge et al 2007;Kiffner et al 2009;Balme et al 2010). In North America, gray wolf (Canis lupus) mortality risk was lower in the Greater Yellowstone Area and Central Idaho, relative to northwest Montana, likely due to larger core areas that offered stronger wolf protection (Smith et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Parks in Northern Sweden as Refuges for Illegal Killing of Large Carnivores

Rauset

Andrén

Swenson

et al. 2016

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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Large protected areas are often considered to be as important as population size in reducing extinction risk for large carnivores. However, the effectiveness of protected areas for large carnivore survival has rarely been tested where surrounding areas also provide suitable habitats. Using individual-based longterm data, we here show that three species of large carnivores all suffered higher risk of illegal killing inside three large national parks than in surrounding unprotected areas in northern Sweden. We suggest that this illegal killing is the result of low enforcement and public presence in these remote parks, which results in a low probability for poachers to be discovered. Our results demonstrate that size of protected areas alone may be a poor predictor of their conservation value for large carnivores. We warn against passive national park management and advocate considering the ecological and socioeconomic context present inside as well as outside protected areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Parks in Northern Sweden as Refuges for Illegal Killing of Large Carnivores

Rauset

Andrén

Swenson

et al. 2016

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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“…The African lion (Panthera leo) exemplifies the challenges of carnivore conservation: widespread habitat loss (4), extensive prey base depletion (5-7), indiscriminate retaliatory or preemptive killing to protect humans and their livestock (8)(9)(10), poorly regulated sport hunting (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), and demand for traditional African and Chinese medicines (19). Although lions are relatively well-studied compared with most large felids, regional-scale population estimates remain scant across much of its range (20), and population surveys are generally repeated at irregular intervals because of the inherent difficulty of counting lions (21,22) and shortage of funds for systematic surveys.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lion ( Panthera leo ) populations are declining rapidly across Africa, except in intensively managed areas

Bauer

Chapron

Nowell³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

282

254

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We compiled all credible repeated lion surveys and present time series data for 47 lion (Panthera leo) populations. We used a Bayesian state space model to estimate growth rate-λ for each population and summed these into three regional sets to provide conservation-relevant estimates of trends since 1990. We found a striking geographical pattern: African lion populations are declining everywhere, except in four southern countries (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe). Population models indicate a 67% chance that lions in West and Central Africa decline by onehalf, while estimating a 37% chance that lions in East Africa also decline by one-half over two decades. We recommend separate regional assessments of the lion in the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species: already recognized as critically endangered in West Africa, our analysis supports listing as regionally endangered in Central and East Africa and least concern in southern Africa. Almost all lion populations that historically exceeded ∼500 individuals are declining, but lion conservation is successful in southern Africa, in part because of the proliferation of reintroduced lions in small, fenced, intensively managed, and funded reserves. If management budgets for wild lands cannot keep pace with mounting levels of threat, the species may rely increasingly on these southern African areas and may no longer be a flagship species of the once vast natural ecosystems across the rest of the continent.L arge carnivores are generally declining worldwide (1), but trends vary according to geography (2) and the severity of threats posed to humans (3). The African lion (Panthera leo) exemplifies the challenges of carnivore conservation: widespread habitat loss (4), extensive prey base depletion (5-7), indiscriminate retaliatory or preemptive killing to protect humans and their livestock (8-10), poorly regulated sport hunting (11-18), and demand for traditional African and Chinese medicines (19). Although lions are relatively well-studied compared with most large felids, regional-scale population estimates remain scant across much of its range (20), and population surveys are generally repeated at irregular intervals because of the inherent difficulty of counting lions (21, 22) and shortage of funds for systematic surveys. No reliable data are available for Angola, Central African Republic, Somalia, South Sudan, and Ethiopia. Furthermore, systematic surveys are absent from large areas of potential lion habitat in countries with a rich tradition of wildlife research, such as Zambia and Tanzania.With widespread declines in many reserves (23) and rapid deterioration of the lion's status in a substantial portion of the species' range (24), there is growing concern that lion numbers may be declining rapidly, leading to the lion's consideration for listing as threatened or endangered on the US Endangered Species Act. The lion is currently listed as vulnerable on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List and would be considered endangered i...

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“…The establishment of a protected area, for example, can prevent local communities from the traditional use of resources that are now located inside of the protected land (e.g., collecting non-timber forest products or wood, cattle grazing, hunting for food) (Fraser and Chisholm 2000). In such situations, activities that are considered harmful to the conservation goals of the new protected area (Nevin and Gilbert 2005;Loveridge et al 2007) will no longer be desirable and will therefore be restricted (e.g., application of pesticides and/or mowing regime by neighboring land users (i.e., beneficiaries/right holders), sport activities such as recreational hunting and fishing, canoeing, rock climbing, etc. ).…”

Section: Existing Models Of Compensation Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation Payments for Downsides Generated by Protected Areas

Pechacek

Guo

et al. 2012

AMBIO

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Protected areas are powerful instruments to tackle the biodiversity crises. However, local communities believe that protected areas generate downsides for which they should be compensated. We reviewed (1) problem evolution, (2) the idea of compensation schemes, and (3) practical considerations. We found that compensations for conservation-related losses are insufficiently considered when protected areas are established. Schemes include controversial resettlements of human populations, traditional reimbursements, and recently favored incentive payments to encourage local communities to conserve biodiversity on their lands. The compensation process is typically composed of the verification of losses/facts, estimation of costs, and delivery of payments. Compensation schemes promote tolerance and awareness, and responsibility of the broader society while minimizing confrontations. They have the power to mainstream concern about human welfare in protected area management, and are therefore a key to successful conservation. Verifying the impact of compensations on achievement of conservation goals remains, however, difficult to prove.

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The impact of sport-hunting on the population dynamics of an African lion population in a protected area

Cited by 266 publications

References 35 publications

National Parks in Northern Sweden as Refuges for Illegal Killing of Large Carnivores

National Parks in Northern Sweden as Refuges for Illegal Killing of Large Carnivores

Lion ( Panthera leo ) populations are declining rapidly across Africa, except in intensively managed areas

Compensation Payments for Downsides Generated by Protected Areas

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