The Impact of Specific High-Intensity Training Sessions on Football Referees’ Fitness Levels

Weston, Matthew; Helsen, Werner; MacMahon, Clare; Kirkendall, Don R.

doi:10.1177/0363546503261421

Cited by 89 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, Weston et al (31) did not observe differences between referees and players for the total distance covered in a game, high-intensity running and sprints. These similarities in actions in a game between referees and players corroborate the idea that soccer referees should be more professionally and specifically physically fit (6,32) .…”

Section: Movement Profile Of the Soccer Referees In Official Gamessupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The use of this test letus verify the increase of aerobic and anaerobic fitness ofthe referee. According to Weston et al (6) , after a physical training program with high intensity exercise sessions, the YoYo intermittent recovery testwas more sensitive to measure the anaerobic fitness increase-the same observation made by Krustrup and Bangsbo (40) .…”

Section: Critical Analysismentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Krustrup and Bangsbo (4) and Weston et al (6) suggest that the referees are submitted to a specific training program with training sessions with intermittent loads of high intensity, and that this prescription would be sufficient to improve the energetic sources used by the referees during the game. However, scientific work involving soccer referees are very recent and scarce, if the studies involving soccer players are to be used as reference (3,11,12,15,16,44) .…”

Section: Critical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last 10 years, the test battery developed by FIFA has been intensively analyzed, and the change of the test which measures aerobic endurance (Cooper test) for a more specific one, even considered by researchers; that is to say, which evaluates aerobic endurance of referees in motor actions closer to those performed b them during a game (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) . Before 2001, the tests consisted of two 50m runs and a 12 minute Cooper running test, in this order.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Análise do modelo de avaliação física aplicado aos árbitros de futebol pela FIFA

Cerqueira

Silva

Marins

2011

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: In order to control and select the referees for performance in professional soccer, the Fédération Internacionale de Football Association (FIFA), considered the accomplishment of physical tests. However, the initial proposal of evaluation suffered modifications with the passing of the years, and the current model seems not to be ideal to evaluate the referees, in accordance with the physical profile requirement demonstrated during the games. Objective: Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to identify the physical load of soccer referees in official games and to determine the physiological demands associates to the physical effort during the official games; and to analyze the current model of physical evaluation of the soccer referees. Conclusion: Referees cover an average of 10,000 meters during a game, being most of the time done with activities of low intensity. The activity profile is intermittent and the energy demand has predominance of the aerobic system, with important participation of the anaerobic system. The current tests applied are not compatible with the standard of physical requirement of a referee during a soccer game.

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Section: Movement Profile Of the Soccer Referees In Official Gamessupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Critical Analysismentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Critical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Análise do modelo de avaliação física aplicado aos árbitros de futebol pela FIFA

Cerqueira

Silva

Marins

2011

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…Talanian et al 9 have also found that an intermittent sprinting exercise program significantly elevated aerobic power; in this study, the oxidative enzyme b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase was used as an indicant of mitochondrial volume and was found to increase by 31%, suggesting that intermittent sprinting enhances mitochondrial capacity. Other studies have also shown increases in aerobic power to differing forms of intermittent sprinting, [21][22][23] whereas Tabata et al 23 found that intermittent sprinting also resulted in significant increases in anaerobic capacity. Collectively, these data show that intermittent sprinting results in significant improvements in both aerobic and anaerobic fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women

et al. 2008

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Objective: To determine the effects of a 15-week high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) program on subcutaneous and trunk fat and insulin resistance of young women. Design and procedures: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: HIIE (n ¼ 15), steady-state exercise (SSE; n ¼ 15) or control (CONT; n ¼ 15). HIIE and SSE groups underwent a 15-week exercise intervention. Subjects: Forty-five women with a mean BMI of 23.2 ± 2.0 kg m À2 and age of 20.2 ± 2.0 years. Results: Both exercise groups demonstrated a significant improvement (Po0.05) in cardiovascular fitness. However, only the HIIE group had a significant reduction in total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM), trunk fat and fasting plasma insulin levels. There was significant fat loss (Po0.05) in legs compared to arms in the HIIE group only. Lean compared to overweight women lost less fat after HIIE. Decreases in leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with increases in VO 2peak (r ¼ À0.57, Po0.05) and positively correlated with decreases in TBM (r ¼ 0.47; Po0.0001). There was no significant change in adiponectin levels after training. Conclusions: HIIE three times per week for 15 weeks compared to the same frequency of SSE exercise was associated with significant reductions in total body fat, subcutaneous leg and trunk fat, and insulin resistance in young women.

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Testing for Neuromuscular Problems and Athletic Performance

Barber-Westin

Noyes

2012

ACL Injuries in the Female Athlete

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The Impact of Specific High-Intensity Training Sessions on Football Referees’ Fitness Levels

Abstract: As match officials are subjected to a high physical load during matches, they should follow structured weekly training plans that have an emphasis on intensive, intermittent training sessions.

Cited by 89 publications

References 16 publications

Análise do modelo de avaliação física aplicado aos árbitros de futebol pela FIFA

Análise do modelo de avaliação física aplicado aos árbitros de futebol pela FIFA

The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women

Testing for Neuromuscular Problems and Athletic Performance

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