The impact of social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity levels of older adults: a baseline analysis of the CHARIOT COVID-19 Rapid Response prospective cohort study

Salman, David; Beaney, Thomas; Robb, Catherine; CAdJ, Loots; Giannakopoulou, Parthenia; Udeh-Momoh, C.; Ahmadi‐Abhari, Sara; Majeed, Azeem; Middleton, LT; McGregor, AH

doi:10.1101/2021.01.26.21250520

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

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Mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the CLINIMEX exercise cohort in the year of 2020

Araújo¹,

Cg²,

Clb³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has heavily hit Brazil and, in particular, our Clinic's current location in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro city, where, as of mid-February 2021, resulting in one 1 death per 266 inhabitants. After having recently updated the vital status and mortality data in our exercise population (CLINIMEX cohort), we hypothesized that reviewing their evaluation reports would offer a unique opportunity to unearth some relevant information about the association between selected variables assessed in our comprehensive Exercise Medicine evaluation protocol; in particular, aerobic and musculoskeletal (MUSK) fitness, clinical variables, and death due to COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective study using data from the CLINIMEX cohort that included 6,101 non-athletic men and women aged >30 years who were alive as of March 12th, 2020 and who's vital status was followed up to December 14th, 2020. For data analysis, two approaches were used: 1) comparison of frequency of deaths and relative % of underlying causes of death between the last 18-months pre-pandemic and 9-month pandemic periods; and 2) data from 51 variables from the participant's most recent evaluation, including sex, age and clinical profile plus other variables obtained from physical examination, spirometry, (MUSK) fitness (e.g., sitting-rising test) and maximal cycling leg cardiopulmonary testing (e.g. maximal VO2 and cardiorespiratory optimal point) were selected for comparison between groups of non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 deaths. Results: Age at death varied from 51 to 102 years [mean = 80 years]. Only 4 participants that died, 3 COVID-19 and 1 non-COVID-19, were healthy at the time of their evaluation [p=.52]. COVID-19 was the most frequent (n=35; 36.5%) cause among the 96 deaths during this 9-month period. Comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, there was a 35% increase in deaths and proportionately fewer deaths due to neoplasia and other causes but not from cardiovascular or endocrine diseases. Results of aerobic and MUSK fitness tests indicated that the majority of the study participants were relatively unfit when compared to available age and sex-reference values. Indeed, there were few differences in the 51 selected variables between the two groups, suggesting a somewhat healthier profile among COVID-19 death participants; lower body mass index [p=.04], higher % of predicted forced vital capacity [p=.04], lower number of previous percutaneous coronary interventions [p=.04] and lower resting supine diastolic blood pressure [p=.03], with no differences for aerobic/MUSK fitness variables or past history of exercise/sports [p>.05]. Conclusion: Our data support that COVID-19 was a frequent and premature cause of death in a convenience sample of primarily white, unhealthy, middle-age and elderly individuals and that data from exercise/sport history and physical fitness testing obtained some years earlier were unable to distinguish non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 deaths.

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Mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the CLINIMEX exercise cohort in the year of 2020

Araújo¹,

Cg²,

Clb³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

COVID-19 lockdown and lifestyles: A narrative review

et al. 2021

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Background: The primary objective worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been controlling disease transmission. However, lockdown measures used to mitigate transmission have affected human behavior and altered lifestyles, with a likely impact on chronic non-communicable diseases. More than a year into the pandemic, substantial peer-reviewed literature has emerged on altered lifestyles following the varying lockdown measures imposed globally to control the virus spread. We explored the impact of lockdown measures on six lifestyle factors, namely diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, social connectedness, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or other harmful substances. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed and the World Health Organization’s global literature database on COVID-19 and retrieved 649 relevant articles for the narrative review. A critical interpretative synthesis of the articles was performed. Results: Most of the articles included in the review identified the negative effect of lockdown measures on each of the lifestyle factors in many parts of the world. Encouraging lifestyle trends were also highlighted in a few articles. Such trends can positively influence the outcome of lifestyle-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to better understand the negative impact of strict lockdown measures on lifestyles. At the same time, it helps us identify and initiate positive behavioral changes, which, if consolidated, could improve chronic disease outcomes. It is up to governments, communities, and healthcare/academic entities to derive benefit from lessons learned from the pandemic, with the ultimate objective of better educating and promoting healthy lifestyles among communities.

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The impact of social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity levels of older adults: a baseline analysis of the CHARIOT COVID-19 Rapid Response prospective cohort study

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

Mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the CLINIMEX exercise cohort in the year of 2020

Mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the CLINIMEX exercise cohort in the year of 2020

COVID-19 lockdown and lifestyles: A narrative review

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