The impact of social determinants on cardiovascular disease

Likelihood of coronary angiography among First Nations patients with acute myocardial infarction

“…The extent to which treatment gaps may be contributing to health inequities for various ethnic groups has been described. 35 Potential explanations for the treatment gaps are varied, ranging from cultural barriers for medication use to cost of therapies, urban versus rural location of residence and health care delivery that is not culturally sensitive. 36 Although we were able to adjust for distance to the closest cardiac catheterization laboratory in our analysis, differences in processes of Note: CI = con dence interval, HR = hazard ratio, OR = odds ratio, MI = myocardial infarction.…”

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

“…The decline in the underlying rates is likely due to expanded access to preventive treatment and increased quality of care. [116][117][118][119][120] If obesity continues to increase in the future, the consequences for health trends might be greater if the trend in underlying rates attenuates than if it continues to decrease. Although closely linked, we also estimate that the rate of increase in high fasting plasma glucose is slightly higher than that for obesity.…”

Association of Visceral Adiposity Index Score with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

“…3 Abdominal adiposity, is a reflection of central body fat distribution, is associated with significant metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, elevated triglycerides, glucose intolerance, DM, as well increased incidence of hypertension (HTN), atherosclerosis and stroke 4 , & obesity is as much risk as smoking to (replace by for) developing heart disease. 5 It is striking that South Asian people are more susceptible to develop central obesity than others as because their primary subcutaneous compartment is small results(resulting) in more visceral fat accumulation in response to positive energy balance, which leads to early development of metabolic syndrome and adverse cardiovascular event. 5 The precise measurement of the total amount of body fat and its regional distribution is possible by using computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 6 , but they are costly and not routinely available.…”

“…5 It is striking that South Asian people are more susceptible to develop central obesity than others as because their primary subcutaneous compartment is small results(resulting) in more visceral fat accumulation in response to positive energy balance, which leads to early development of metabolic syndrome and adverse cardiovascular event. 5 The precise measurement of the total amount of body fat and its regional distribution is possible by using computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 6 , but they are costly and not routinely available. Accordingly, there is a need for simple technique that can identify visceral adiposity & there are different parameter (parameters) exist like BMI, WC, Waist/Hip ratio but none of these can accurately identify the exact impact of visceral adiposity on IHD.…”