The Impact of Small-Scale Greening on the Local Microclimate—A Case Study at Two School Buildings in Vienna

Teichmann, Florian; Horváth, András; Luisser, Markus; Korjenić, Azra

doi:10.3390/su142013089

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…At the same time, the overhead structure was also the place where GR and VG had the highest efficiency. This shows that small-scale greening does not significantly improve thermal comfort in summer [79]. In high-density urban neighborhoods, it is only possible to achieve a comfortable outdoor environment under the premise of providing shading in outdoor pedestrian recreation areas, such as by increasing corridors, space under eaves, and building overhead space and appropriately increasing GR and VG in these areas.…”

Section: Influence Of Gsi Combinations On Outdoor Activity Areasmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Green Stormwater Infrastructures on Urban-Tier Human Thermal Comfort—A Case Study in High-Density Urban Blocks

Xu,

Liao,

Hong

2024

Forests

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Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is a key approach to greening and cooling high-density blocks. Previous studies have focused on the impact of a single GSI on thermal comfort on sunny days, ignoring rainwater’s role and GSI combinations. Therefore, based on measured data of a real urban area in Nanjing, China, this study utilized 45 single-GSI and combination simulation scenarios, as well as three local climate zone (LCZ) baseline scenarios to compare and analyze three high-density blocks within the city. Among the 32 simulations specifically conducted in LCZ1 and LCZ2, 2 of them were dedicated to baseline scenario simulations, whereas the remaining 30 simulations were evenly distributed across LCZ1 and LCZ2, with 15 simulations allocated to each zone. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated using the ENVI-met specification to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal GSI combinations for different LCZs, their impact on pedestrian thermal comfort, GSI response to rainwater, and the effect of GSI on pedestrian recreation areas. Results showed that GSI combinations are crucial for improving thermal comfort in compact high-rise and mid-rise areas, while a single GSI suffices in low-rise areas. In extreme heat, rainfall is vital for GSI’s effectiveness, and complex GSI can extend the thermal comfort improvement time following rainfall by more than 1 h. Adding shading and trees to GSI combinations maximizes thermal comfort in potential crowd activity areas, achieving up to 54.23% improvement. Future GSI construction in high-density blocks should focus on different combinations of GSI based on different LCZs, offering insights for GSI planning in Southeast Asia.

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Section: Influence Of Gsi Combinations On Outdoor Activity Areasmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Green Stormwater Infrastructures on Urban-Tier Human Thermal Comfort—A Case Study in High-Density Urban Blocks

Xu,

Liao,

Hong

2024

Forests

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“…At the same time, the overhead structure was also the place where GR and VG had the highest e ciency. This shows that small-scale greening does not signi cantly improve thermal comfort in summer (Teichmann et al 2022). In high-density urban neighborhoods, it can only be possible to achieve a comfortable outdoor environment under the premise of providing shading in outdoor pedestrian recreation areas, such as by increasing corridors, space under eaves, building overhead space, and appropriately increasing GR and VG in these areas.…”

Section: In Uence Of Gsi Combinations Outdoor Areasmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of green stormwater infrastructures in urban tier human thermal comfort—a case study in high-density urban blocks

Xu,

Hong,

Zhang

2024

Preprint

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Using green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is the main method of greening and cooling high-density blocks. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of a single GSI on thermal comfort on sunny days. However, GSI often occurs in combinations, and assessment of GSI cannot ignore the effect of rainwater on the thermal comfort improvement. Therefore, based on measured data of a real urban area of Nanjing, China, this study used 45 GSI single and combination simulation scenarios and three local climate zone (LCZ) baseline scenarios to compare and analyze three high-density blocks in the city. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated using the ENVI-met specification to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort. The study produced the following results. (1) To improve outdoor thermal comfort, compact high-rise and mid-rise areas require more abundant GSI combinations, but only using a single GSI can have a good effect in compact low-rise area. (2) In extreme high-temperature weather, rainfall is a necessary condition for improvement of thermal comfort by GSI, and complex GSI can extend the thermal comfort improvement time following rainfall by more than 1 hour. (3) To improve the thermal comfort of a potential area of outdoor crowd activity to the greatest extent, shading and tree setting should be added based on the premise of increasing the combinations of GSI, and the efficiency of improvement can reach as high as 54.23%. The results of the study indicated that future GSI construction in high-density blocks should focus on different combinations of GSI based on different LCZs. This conclusion provides a reference for other regions in Southeast Asia, where GSI construction systems should be studied and formulated in accordance with different LCZs.

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“…Conversely, thanks to the shading provided by a green pergola, a reduction up to 4°C in the perceived temperature has been observed. According to the authors, only large-scale urban greening may improve thermal comfort for pedestrians, while also shading buildings (59).…”

Section: Green Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature-Based Solutions Aimed at Maximising Energy Saving and Thermal Comfort in Passive Buildings and Green Cities: Online Informative and Educational Resources

Marrocco¹

2023

EJSSS

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The paper presents documents aimed at increasing knowledge and awareness of solutions, mostly nature-based, for saving energy while maintaining thermal comfort in our homes and cities. Such documents consist of text, images, graphs and videos; they can be downloaded for free from the internet and can be used by the teacher with the method felt as the most appropriate. A correct orientation of the building, thanks to the changing solar position during the year, results in a lower exposure to solar radiation in summer, and a favourable exposure to warming solar rays in winter. A compact shape of the building results in a reduced surface area to volume ratio, which minimises both thermal transfers and amount of materials used in the construction. Compactness may also improve earthquake resistance. The thermal insulation of the building often provides important benefits in both winter and summer. An accurate selection of the materials is important, since they may differ greatly from one another in embodied energy, and capacity to be reused or recycled. Plants surrounding a building, if carefully positioned, may contribute to improving the thermal comfort of the occupants. Considering the projected climate change and the heat island effect, actions aimed at maintaining thermal comfort in the streets of our cities may appear as necessary. In this regard, trees, vegetated roofs, green façades and pergolas, especially if well maintained, may provide the necessary cooling benefits in cities affected by global warming. Questo articolo presenta documenti volti ad aumentare conoscenza e consapevolezza su tecniche naturali per risparmiare energia mantenendo il comfort termico nelle nostre case e città. Tali documenti consistono in testi, immagini, grafici e video; sono scaricabili gratuitamente da internet e possono essere utilizzati dall'insegnante con il metodo ritenuto più opportuno. Grazie al variare della posizione del sole con le stagioni, un corretto orientamento dell'edificio permette di avere sia una minore esposizione all'irraggiamento solare in estate, sia una maggiore esposizione ai raggi in inverno. Una forma compatta dell'edificio si traduce in un ridotto rapporto tra superficie e volume; grazie a ciò sono ridotti al minimo sia la quantità di materiali utilizzati nella costruzione, sia i trasferimenti termici. A proposito di questi ultimi, l'isolamento termico dell'edificio può offrire importanti benefici sia in inverno che in estate. Un'accurata selezione dei materiali è importante, poiché possono differire notevolmente tra loro per quantità di energia incorporata e possibilità di essere riutilizzati o riciclati. Le piante che circondano un edificio, se ben posizionate, possono contribuire a migliorare il comfort termico degli occupanti. Considerando il cambiamento climatico previsto e l'effetto isola urbana di calore, possono apparire necessarie azioni mirate al mantenimento del comfort termico anche nelle strade delle nostre città. A questo proposito, alberi, tetti a giardino, edifici con facciate e pergole verdi, possono raffrescare città esposte al riscaldamento globale. Article visualizations:<img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0711/a.php" alt="Hit counter" />

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The Impact of Small-Scale Greening on the Local Microclimate—A Case Study at Two School Buildings in Vienna

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

The Effect of Green Stormwater Infrastructures on Urban-Tier Human Thermal Comfort—A Case Study in High-Density Urban Blocks

The Effect of Green Stormwater Infrastructures on Urban-Tier Human Thermal Comfort—A Case Study in High-Density Urban Blocks

The effect of green stormwater infrastructures in urban tier human thermal comfort—a case study in high-density urban blocks

Nature-Based Solutions Aimed at Maximising Energy Saving and Thermal Comfort in Passive Buildings and Green Cities: Online Informative and Educational Resources

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