The Impact of Sleep-Disordered Breathing on Ghrelin, Obestatin, and Leptin Profiles in Patients with Obesity or Overweight

Abstract

Background: The impact of concomitant obesity and sleep disorders on neuropeptides related to energy balance is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the nocturnal profile of total ghrelin, obestatin, and leptin in patients with elevated BMI and to investigate the impact of breathing-related sleep disorders on these hormone levels. Methods: The study involved 58 patients with suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients underwent anthropometric and sleep examination and measurements of night ghrelin, leptin, and obestatin levels. Results: In patients with OSA (n = 46), recognized on the basis of sleep examination outcomes, the correlation of anthropometric measurements with parameters of sleep disorders and ghrelin levels was observed, contrary to the control group (n = 12). In the OSA group, levels of ghrelin were significantly lower than in the control group at 5:00 and 7:00. Levels of leptin in the OSA group were also lower than those in the control groups (not statistically significant). Profiles of obestatin in both groups were similar. Conclusions: Our results confirm the relationship between obesity and sleep-disordered breathing. Both these disorders affect ghrelin levels—parameters of obesity negatively correlate with hormone concentration, and OSA seems to lower ghrelin values in the second half of the night.

The Relationship between Leptin Levels and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment: A Cluster Analysis

“…We selected four variables to use in the present study: the AHI, the BMI, the level of leptin, and the level of adiponectin, which are the most important factors to evaluate OSAS and obesity. 16,[18][19][20] The study participants were aged $ 50 years, with low levels of daytime sleepiness. The cluster analysis showed that the combination of high AHI, high BMI, and high leptin levels can be considered a phenotype in OHS, and it was the most important phenotype requiring CPAP treatment in the present study.…”

“…19 In obese patients, leptin and adiponectin were the most important biomarkers of lipid metabolism. 20 The reason for the categorization into four clusters was that when we investigated the relationship between OSA and lipid metabolism, selecting two factors for each was found to provide a good balance between data characteristics and computational efficiency and accuracy. Another reason to choose four clusters could be interpretability.…”

Evaluation the activity of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Glucagon like peptide-1 and Ghrelin in controlling appetite in obesity in Erbil City

“…Obese people had lower fasting ghrelin concentrations than normal-weight persons. However, after meals, ghrelin concentrations decrease to a lesser extent in obese people, resulting in the preservation of relatively high postprandial levels and excessive food consumption (Pardak et al, 2022). This study aimed to assess serum peptide hormones within the context of obesity and BMI among obese and non-obese adult in Erbil City.…”

The Causal Relationship Between Sleep and Obesity: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Target

“…Experimental studies have shown that both decrease in the amount of sleep and impaired sleep quality could increase the risk of developing obesity. Sleep restriction also causes physiological, hormonal, and food behavioral changes that promote food intake, decrease in physical activity, and weight gain ( 4 ).…”