The Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Heart and Kidneys Regardless of Diabetes Status

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) are two devastating diseases that may occur in nondiabetics or individuals with diabetes and, when combined, it is referred to as cardiorenal disease. The impact of cardiorenal disease on society, the economy and the healthcare system is enormous. Although there are numerous therapies for cardiorenal disease, one therapy showing a great deal of promise is sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. The SGLT family member, SGLT2, is often implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of diseases, and the dysregulation of the activity of SGLT2 markedly effects the transport of glucose and sodium across the luminal membrane of renal cells. Inhibitors of SGLT2 were developed based on the antidiabetic action initiated by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption, thereby increasing glucosuria. Of great medical significance, large-scale clinical trials utilizing a range of SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated both metabolic and biochemical benefits via numerous novel mechanisms, such as sympathoinhibition, which will be discussed in this review. In summary, SGLT2 inhibitors clearly exert cardio-renal protection in people with and without diabetes in both preclinical and clinical settings. This exciting class of inhibitors improve hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and diabetic retinopathy via multiple mechanisms, of which many are yet to be elucidated.

Метаболічний Синдром: Погляд На Проблему

“…Інші дослідження повідомляють про зниження ІМТ на 0,81 кг/м 2 , маси тіла на 2,60 кг та ОТ на 3,65 см на тлі прийому іНЗКТГ-2 протягом 16-40 тижнів, суттєве зменшення вісцеральної жирової тканини у пацієнтів із ЦД 2-го типу та високим кардіоваскуляр-ним ризиком [53]. Доведено, що застосування препаратів цієї групи може запобігати розвитку і прогресуванню ІХС, АГ, серцевої недостатності, ура ження нирок, когнітивних порушень не лише у пацієнтів із ЦД 2-го типу, а й у хворих без діабету, сприяє зниженню частоти госпіталізацій та смертності від кардіоваскулярних та усіх причин [54,55].…”

Dapagliflozin Mitigated Elevated Disomic and Diploid Sperm in a Mouse Model of Diabetes and Recover the Disrupted Ogg1, Parp1, and P53 Gene Expression

“…Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) blockers are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that enhance blood glycemic control and have cardio-renal protections in individuals with and without diabetes [15]. SGLT2 inhibitors can lower blood sugar levels even in conditions where the insulin secretory ability is reduced.…”

“…Because they enhance glucose urinary excretion in a hyperglycemic condition without influencing insulin secretions, these new classes have a low risk of hypoglycemia. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors, such as dapagliflozin, lower the risks of increasing diabetic renal occasions and cardiovascular disease [15]. This suggests that SGLT2 blockers preserve hypoglycemia-targeted renal and cardiovascular systems [16].…”