“…Bowles et al, 2014). For example, demographic variants including socio-economic status, gender, and age, have been found to affect student's transition to undergraduate-level learning from pre-tertiary education (e,g Rummey, Clemons, & Spagnoli, 2019). Beyond these demographic factors, there are also a number of factors, such as self-esteem, social support, and stress (Friedlander et al, 2007), students' reading ability (Collins & Onwuegbuzie, 2007), and university attendance (Dobkin et al, 2010), which all also affect transition to university (Christie et al, 2008).…”