The impact of secondary forest restoration on multiple ecosystem services and their trade-offs

Zeng, Yelin; Gou, Mengmeng; Ouyang, Shuai; Chen, Liang; Fang, Xi; Zhao, Lijuan; Li, Jiaxiang; Peng, Changhui; Xiang, Wenhua

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.05.008

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Today, restoration and conservation activities often focus on simultaneously enhancing more than one ES and avoiding trade-offs, thereby creating synergies to meet the diverse needs of society (Birkhofer et al, 2018(Birkhofer et al, , 2019Shimamoto et al, 2018;Zeng et al, 2019). Ecosystem multifunctionality (EM) describes the ability of an ecosystem to supply multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously to satisfy different societal needs and preferences (Mander et al, 2007;Hölting et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-Offs and Synergies Between Food and Fodder Production and Other Ecosystem Services in an Actively Restored Forest, Natural Forest and an Agroforestry System in Ghana

Damptey

Riva

Birkhofer

2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Active restoration of degraded areas with multi-purpose tree species has been proposed as a measure to counter the losses from deforestation and mitigate consequences for local human communities. In a restoration project at a former mining site in Ghana, ecosystem services (ES) proxies in an actively restored forest were compared to a local agroforestry system and a natural forest. The results provide information about trade-offs and synergies between proxies of multiple ES(s). ES proxies were assessed according to the following categories: (a) food-tree ES: biomass of food and fodder trees, (b) other trees ES: biomass of fuelwood, medicine or mulch trees, (c) ES-providing arthropods: the number of detritivorous and predaceous arthropods, (d) carbon storage, and (e) tree diversity. Eight replicated plots with sizes of 20 m × 20 m were established in each forest type, and the following ES proxies were quantified: tree diversity was estimated as taxonomic richness of all trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm in each plot. Tree species were then classified into ES categories (food, fodder, fuelwood, medicine, or mulch). Ground-dwelling arthropods were sampled for 10 weeks with five pitfall traps in each plot and categorized as decomposers and predators. Tree above-ground biomass was estimated based on the measured tree diameter, height, and specific wood density using an improved allometric equation. The above-ground biomass was later converted into carbon storage by assuming 50% of the above-ground biomass of each tree. ES proxies based on tree biomass were highest in the natural forest. Fodder, medicine, fuelwood, and mulch ES proxies were significantly higher in the restored forest than the agroforestry system. Decomposer arthropods were most dominant in the natural forest, followed by the restored forest and the agroforestry system. Predacious arthropods were more dominant in the restored forest than in the other forest types. Carbon storage was highest in the natural forest, followed by the agroforestry system and the restored forest. The actively restored forest took an intermediate position between the agroforestry system and the natural forest regarding values for all nine ES proxies. Out of the 14 possible relationships between food or fodder and other ES proxies, five were significantly positive (synergies) with no observed trade-offs (significant negative relationships). High fodder production in the restored and natural forests went along with higher values of other biomass ES proxies and numbers of beneficial arthropods, while higher food biomass also correlated positively with numbers of decomposing arthropods. Our results document that active restoration of degraded sites provides a valuable framework to promote ES provision to local communities compared to agroforestry system, but at the cost of lower food and fuelwood biomass and carbon storage compared to natural forests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-Offs and Synergies Between Food and Fodder Production and Other Ecosystem Services in an Actively Restored Forest, Natural Forest and an Agroforestry System in Ghana

Damptey

Riva

Birkhofer

2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…Under similar rainfall level and meteorological conditions, the primary reasons for the differences in interception loss in the three stands could be: (1) the needle clusters of pine trees in forests in the early restoration stage are more likely to capture the rapidly dropping large raindrops (Crockford & Richardson, 2000). Zeng et al (2019) also reported that P. massoniana, as a pioneer species that grew rapidly in the early recovery period, had a high basal area which was effective at intercepting rainfall;…”

Section: Effects Of Rainfall Characteristics On Interception Loss In ...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Higher canopy interception capacity of forests restored to the climax stage in subtropical China

Sun

Xiang

Ouyang

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Canopy interception loss is an important hydrological process that affects rainfall redistribution, nutrient cycling, and soil and water conservation in forest ecosystems. However, the manner in which interception loss is affected in forests that are in restoration stages dominated by different tree species has not been fully understood. In this study, interception loss, throughfall, and stemflow were measured consecutively for 2 years (May 2017 through April 2019) in three secondary forests in subtropical China: a coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest (Pinus massoniana, Lithocarpus glaber, PM) in early restoration stage, a deciduous broadleaved forest (Choerospondias axillaris, CA) in middle restoration stage, and an evergreen broadleaved forest (L. glaber–Cyclobalanopsis glauca, LG) in late restoration stage. For a given amount of rainfall, the relative interception loss in the CA was significantly lower than that in the evergreen forests in summer, spring, or winter. The amount of interception loss during light rain, moderate rain, or heavy storms was also significantly lower in CA as compared to that in evergreen forests, owing to the lesser leaf area and phenology of deciduous tree species as well as a higher leaf area index (LAI) and stand density in PM and LG. Meanwhile, the highest relative interception loss, interception loss amount, canopy storage capacity, canopy cover fraction, and mean evaporation rate was observed in the climax forest (LG), which has a higher LAI and stand density. Further, the revised Gash's analytical model (RGAM) and the sparse Rutter models were successfully applied to simulate interception loss in these forests, with the RGAM performing better as compared to the sparse Rutter model. The results of the field measurements and model simulations depict that the climax community at the late restoration stage can effectively reduce the amount of rainwater reaching the soil surface, thus weakening the effect of flood peaks.

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“…Secondary forests, or natural regeneration, are less costly and more effective than tree planting (Chazdon & Uriarte, 2016;Crouzeilles et al, 2017). Secondary forests are resilient, capture large amounts of carbon Poorter et al, 2016;Schwartz et al, 2017), host many species (Dent & Wright, 2009;Rozendaal et al, 2019) and provide multiple ecosystem services (Zeng et al, 2019). However, the extent to which secondary forests provide ecological and societal benefits depend on their persistence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mexican agricultural frontier communities differ in forest dynamics with consequences for conservation and restoration

Lohbeck¹,

DeVries

Bongers³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Forest regrowth is key to achieve restoration commitments, but a general lack of understanding when it occurs and how long secondary forests persist, hampers effective upscaling. We quantified spatiotemporal forest dynamics in a recently colonized agricultural frontier in southern Mexico, and tested how temporal variation in climate, and cross-community variation in land ownership, land quality and accessibility affect forest disturbance, regrowth and secondary forest persistence.We consistently found more forest loss than regrowth, resulting in a net decrease of 45% forest cover (1991-2016) in the study region. Secondary forest cover remained relatively constant while secondary forest persistence increased, suggesting that farmers are moving away from shifting cultivation. Temporal variation in disturbance was explained by annual variation in climatic variables and key policy and market interventions.We found large differences in forest characteristics across communities, and these were explained by differences in land ownership and soil quality. Forests were better conserved on communal land, while secondary forest was more persistent when farms were larger and soil quality is better. At the pixel-level both old forest and secondary forests were better represented on low-quality lands indicating agricultural concentration on productive land. Both old forest and secondary forest were less common close to the main road, where secondary forests were also less persistent.We demonstrate the suitability of timeseries analyses to quantify forest disturbance and regrowth and we analyse drivers across time and space. Communities differ in forest dynamics, indicating different possibilities, needs and interests. We warrant that stimulating private land ownership may cause remaining forest patches to be lost and that conservation initiatives should benefit the whole community. Forest regrowth competes with agricultural production and ensuring farmers have access to restoration benefits is key to restoration success.

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The impact of secondary forest restoration on multiple ecosystem services and their trade-offs

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Trade-Offs and Synergies Between Food and Fodder Production and Other Ecosystem Services in an Actively Restored Forest, Natural Forest and an Agroforestry System in Ghana

Trade-Offs and Synergies Between Food and Fodder Production and Other Ecosystem Services in an Actively Restored Forest, Natural Forest and an Agroforestry System in Ghana

Higher canopy interception capacity of forests restored to the climax stage in subtropical China

Mexican agricultural frontier communities differ in forest dynamics with consequences for conservation and restoration

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