The impact of sea erosion on coastal Pinus pinea stands: A diachronic analysis combining tree-rings and ecological markers

Dendroecological study of Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinea in northeast coastal dunes in Tunisia according to distance from the shoreline and dieback intensity

“…These results are consistent with several previous dendroecological studies in Mediterranean regions (Raventos et al, 2001;El Khorchani, 2006;Campelo et al, 2007;Raddi et al, 2009;Mazza and Manetti, 2013) and showed that a large part of a tree ring is formed during the late winter and spring. These findings reflect the behavior of evergreen conifers that grow in regions with mild winters and are characterized by a photosynthetic activity in winter that produces carbohydrates for early wood formation in the following year (Kozlowski et al, 1991).…”

“…This characteristic was observed for these species on the Mediterranean coast in Italy (Gellini et al, 1986;Bussotti et al, 1995;Nicolotti et al, 2005;Raddi et al, 2009) and in Spain (Diamantopouolos et al, 2000;Raventos et al, 2001). According to Raddi et al (2009), growth decline in Pinus pinea on the eroded coastal dunes in Italy may be attributed to greater exposure of the crowns to salty winds and surfactants and increased salinity of the water table. On the other hand, Pinus pinea is highly sensitive to exposure both to sea spray and to surfactants in marine aerosols (Raventos et al, 2001;Rettori et al, 2005).…”

“…The coastal vegetation in north Tunisia is harmfully affected by chemical components contained in marine spray (El Ayeb et al, 2004). As reported in other parts of the Mediterranean coast in Spain (Raventos et al, 2001) and in Italy (Bussotti et al, 1995), the appearance of missing rings might accompany alteration or death of needles, decreased photosynthetic production and reduced availability of assimilates for wood production (Raddi et al, 2009).…”

“…Reduced growth of Pinus pinea along the Tyrrhenian coast of Tuscany (Italy) is due to the crown's greater exposure to salty winds and surfactants and the increased salinity of the water table (Raddi et al, 2009). Remel and Menel Belgacem forests, pine coastal woodlands of Tunisia, are good examples for studying the vulnerability of these two species under severe conditions of marine spray and drought.…”

Climate variability, soil aridity, and growth rate of Pinus pinea L. in Castelporziano forest: an exploratory data analysis

“…As a consequence, several years of drought affect growth more severely than each year independently (Kramer et al 2000). Moreover, stone pine's high sensitivity to autumn and winter precipitation has been widely demonstrated (Campelo et al 2006;Cherubini et al 2003;De Luis et al 2009;Raddi et al 2009) highlighting its growth responses to soil water recharge.…”