The impact of scaling down to deep submicron on CMOS RF circuits

Analog circuits in ultra-deep-submicron CMOS

“…However, in LNA-type circuits the signal swing is fixed and lower supply voltages result in somewhat degraded bias circuitry and in a lower implementation overhead [15]. The overall result is that for circuits with a fixed very low signal swing, the power-performance ratio can improve with newer CMOS generations [31], [32].…”

Low-power current-reused RF front-end based on optimized transformers topology

“…It is well-known that the quality factor Q of passives, mainly inductors and transformers, determines the final achievable performance of RF receivers [19]. As shown in Eq.…”

Optimizing Mixer Noise Performance: a 2.4 GHz Gilbert Downconversion Mixer for W-CDMA Application

“…The equations also quantitatively illustrate the geometrie inftuence of other transistors, as weH as the biasing current and LO voltage. The result, in combination with those in [6] [1], is aimed to provide some insight into mixer design and performance optimization. It efficiently helped to reduce the design time in achieving appropriate conversion gain, noise figure and linearity in our design.…”

“…In reality, however, with tens of transistors in a circuit, the problem space has already been prohibitively large in terms of the variable geometrie parameters, let alone that in RF frequency, one need to take high order parasitic effects into consideration. For these reasons, many works consider the optimization problem with regard to only parts of the performance parameters [6] [3], or less complicated circuits such as LNA [1]. The overall design optimization of mixers, somehow is still a myth to designers, and much effort is based on experience.…”