Abstract:BackgroundAlthough the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on anthropometry and body composition has been questioned, none of the previous studies tried to explain the reported changes in these parameters. Also, systematic reviews that investigated the topic were limited to healthy individuals or a specific disease group.MethodsThe London Ramadan Study (LORANS) is an observational study on health effects of RIF. We measured weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI… Show more
“…Although both intervention groups showed significant reductions in waist and hip circumference after 6 months, greater mean differences were observed among participants in the IFHP group. Previous studies reported a similar significant reduction in waist and hip circumference after IF [ 34 , 41 , 42 ]. The London Ramadan Study is an observational study conducted during Ramadan to explore the health consequences of Ramadan IF.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 69%
“…The London Ramadan Study is an observational study conducted during Ramadan to explore the health consequences of Ramadan IF. Besides other findings, this study showed a significant decrease in waist (mean difference −1.93 cm; P <.01) and hip circumference measurements (mean difference −2.86 cm; P <.01) [ 41 ]. In the IFHP group, we observed a significant decrease in both parameters during the unsupervised phase of the intervention (from month 3 to month 6).…”
Background
Adult obesity and overweight pose a substantial risk to global public health and are associated with various noncommunicable diseases. Although intermittent fasting (IF) is increasingly used as a relatively new dietary strategy for weight loss, the effectiveness of 2 days per week of dry fasting remains unknown.
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined dry IF and healthy plate (IFHP) and healthy plate (HP) intervention in improving anthropometric outcomes and body composition.
Methods
This nonrandomized controlled trial involved 177 adults who were overweight and obese. Among them, 91 (51.4%) were allocated to the IFHP group and 86 (48.6%) were allocated to the HP group. The overall study duration was 6 months (October 2020 to March 2021). The intervention was divided into 2 phases: supervised (3 months) and unsupervised (3 months). The data were collected at baseline, after the supervised phase (month 3), and after the unsupervised phase (month 6). Anthropometric (weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference) and body composition (body fat percentage, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and visceral fat area) data were measured at all 3 data collection points. Sociodemographic data were obtained using a questionnaire at baseline.
Results
Most participants were female (147/177, 83.1%) and Malay (141/177, 79.7%). After 3 months, there were significant reductions in weight (difference −1.68; P<.001), BMI (difference −0.62; P<.001), body fat percentage (difference −0.921; P<.001), body fat mass (difference −1.28; P<.001), and visceral fat area (difference −4.227; P=.008) in the IFHP group, whereas no significant changes were observed in the HP group. Compared to baseline, participants in the IFHP group showed a significant decrease in weight (difference −1.428; P=.003), BMI (difference −0.522; P=.005), body fat percentage (difference −1.591; P<.001), body fat mass (difference −1.501; P<.001), visceral fat area (difference −7.130; P<.001), waist circumference (difference −2.304; P=.001), and hip circumference (difference −1.908; P=.002) at month 6. During the unsupervised phase, waist (IFHP difference −3.206; P<.001, HP difference −2.675; P=.004) and hip (IFHP difference −2.443; P<.001; HP difference −2.896; P<.001) circumferences were significantly reduced in both groups (P<.01), whereas skeletal muscle mass (difference 0.208; P=.04) and visceral fat area (difference −2.903; P=.003) were significantly improved in the IFHP group only. No significant difference in the between-group comparison was detected throughout the intervention (all P>.05).
Conclusions
A combined IFHP intervention was effective in improving anthropometric outcomes and body composition in adults with overweight and obesity.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/33801.
“…Although both intervention groups showed significant reductions in waist and hip circumference after 6 months, greater mean differences were observed among participants in the IFHP group. Previous studies reported a similar significant reduction in waist and hip circumference after IF [ 34 , 41 , 42 ]. The London Ramadan Study is an observational study conducted during Ramadan to explore the health consequences of Ramadan IF.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 69%
“…The London Ramadan Study is an observational study conducted during Ramadan to explore the health consequences of Ramadan IF. Besides other findings, this study showed a significant decrease in waist (mean difference −1.93 cm; P <.01) and hip circumference measurements (mean difference −2.86 cm; P <.01) [ 41 ]. In the IFHP group, we observed a significant decrease in both parameters during the unsupervised phase of the intervention (from month 3 to month 6).…”
Background
Adult obesity and overweight pose a substantial risk to global public health and are associated with various noncommunicable diseases. Although intermittent fasting (IF) is increasingly used as a relatively new dietary strategy for weight loss, the effectiveness of 2 days per week of dry fasting remains unknown.
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined dry IF and healthy plate (IFHP) and healthy plate (HP) intervention in improving anthropometric outcomes and body composition.
Methods
This nonrandomized controlled trial involved 177 adults who were overweight and obese. Among them, 91 (51.4%) were allocated to the IFHP group and 86 (48.6%) were allocated to the HP group. The overall study duration was 6 months (October 2020 to March 2021). The intervention was divided into 2 phases: supervised (3 months) and unsupervised (3 months). The data were collected at baseline, after the supervised phase (month 3), and after the unsupervised phase (month 6). Anthropometric (weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference) and body composition (body fat percentage, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and visceral fat area) data were measured at all 3 data collection points. Sociodemographic data were obtained using a questionnaire at baseline.
Results
Most participants were female (147/177, 83.1%) and Malay (141/177, 79.7%). After 3 months, there were significant reductions in weight (difference −1.68; P<.001), BMI (difference −0.62; P<.001), body fat percentage (difference −0.921; P<.001), body fat mass (difference −1.28; P<.001), and visceral fat area (difference −4.227; P=.008) in the IFHP group, whereas no significant changes were observed in the HP group. Compared to baseline, participants in the IFHP group showed a significant decrease in weight (difference −1.428; P=.003), BMI (difference −0.522; P=.005), body fat percentage (difference −1.591; P<.001), body fat mass (difference −1.501; P<.001), visceral fat area (difference −7.130; P<.001), waist circumference (difference −2.304; P=.001), and hip circumference (difference −1.908; P=.002) at month 6. During the unsupervised phase, waist (IFHP difference −3.206; P<.001, HP difference −2.675; P=.004) and hip (IFHP difference −2.443; P<.001; HP difference −2.896; P<.001) circumferences were significantly reduced in both groups (P<.01), whereas skeletal muscle mass (difference 0.208; P=.04) and visceral fat area (difference −2.903; P=.003) were significantly improved in the IFHP group only. No significant difference in the between-group comparison was detected throughout the intervention (all P>.05).
Conclusions
A combined IFHP intervention was effective in improving anthropometric outcomes and body composition in adults with overweight and obesity.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/33801.
“…Ramazan orucunun süresi, mevsime ve coğrafi konuma bağlı olarak değişmekte (1,2) olup bu çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği tarihte Ramazan ayı Nisan ayına denk gelmiş ve yaklaşık olarak günün 14.5 saati oruç tutulmuştur. Ramazan döneminde uyku süresi, fiziksel aktivite, vücut bileşimi, besin tüketimi ve hidrasyon durumu etkilenebilmektedir (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Yemek saatindeki değişiklikler de uyku düzenini etkileyebilmektedir (35).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Literatür incelendiğinde Ramazan dönemindeki antropometrik ölçümler ve vücut bileşimine yönelik sonuçlar farklılık göstermektedir ve bu ilişki arasındaki mekanizma net değildir (30)(31)(32). Madkour ve ark.…”
Amaç: Ramazan orucunun beslenme sıklığı ve besin seçimlerini etkileyerek besin ve sıvı alımlarını değiştirdiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Ramazan orucunun yeme farkındalığı, hidrasyon ve beslenme durumuna etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Yöntem: Çalışma, Ramazan ayı boyunca en az 20 gün oruç tutan 18-30 yaş arasında, sağlıklı 50 kadın üniversite öğrencisinin katılımıyla, yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle anket formu kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket formunda bireylerin sosyodemografik özellikleri ve beslenme alışkanlıkları sorgulanmış; Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği-30, Su Dengesi Ölçeği ve Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi- Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Ramazan ayı başlamadan önce ve Ramazan ayı boyunca art arda 20 gün oruç tutulduktan sonra bireylerden 3 günlük besin tüketim kayıtları alınmış ve vücut bileşimi, boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, bel ve kalça çevresi ölçümleri araştırmacılar tarafından uygun yöntemlerle ölçülmüştür. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 28.0 ve BEBİS 9.0 programları kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 22.3±3.23 yıl olan bireylerin Ramazan ayı öncesindeki ve Ramazan ayı sonundaki vücut ağırlığı, bel-kalça çevresi ölçümleri ve beden kütle indeksleri arasındaki farklar istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bulunmuş (p0.05). Bireylerin Ramazan ayında günlük enerji, protein ve A vitamini ile B12 vitamini dışındaki tüm mikro besin öğelerinin alımlarındaki azalmalar istatistiksel açıdan anlamlıdır (p0.05).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada Ramazan orucunun enerji ve besin ögesi alımlarını ve vücut ağırlığını etkilediği ancak vücut bileşimi, hidrasyon durumu ve yeme farkındalığı üzerinde anlamlı etkiye sahip olmadığı bulunmuştur. Ramazan orucunun vücut bileşimi ve hidrasyon üzerindeki olası etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için daha büyük örneklemlerle yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.
“…Supplemental Table 1 compares the study sample’s demographics ( n = 72) to those of people not attending the second visit ( n = 68); the 2 groups were similar except for age. In addition to blood samples, we collected socioeconomic and lifestyle data using online questionnaires and measured blood pressure using an automatic blood pressure monitor and body composition using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer at each visit, more details reported elsewhere [ 10 , 11 ]. FIGURE 1 Significant changes in individual metabolites (normalized between 0 and 1) among LORANS participants after Ramadan fasting.…”
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