The Impact of Public Works in Spain: Natural, constructed and destroyed landscape

Abstract

This article reflects on the relationship between the human being and nature. Nature is wild, dynamic, symbolic, and as slow in her evolution as she is dramatically quick in her catastrophes. Humankind is present on the planet, inhabits it, leaves its mark and, therefore, constructs with a meaning, that of "being in the world". Its action, through the construction of Civil Engineering Works and spread of cities, constitutes an external "aggression" which changes the natural surrounds. That relationship has evolved throughout the history of four phases (submission, adaptation, conquest and respect). This is how the concept of natural landscape, constructed landscape and destroyed landscape appears on the basis of functional, aesthetic, environmental, economic and abstraction criteria, where the item constructed settles into the physical environment.Key words: Natural Landscape, constructed landscape, destroyed landscape, civil engineering, environment. ResumenEste artículo es una reflexión entre la relación del ser humano y la naturaleza. Ésta es salvaje, dinámica, simbólica, tan lenta en su evolución como dramáticamente vertiginosa en sus catástrofes. La humanidad está presente en el planeta, habita en él, deja su huella, y, por ello, construye con un sentido, el de "estar en el mundo". Su acción, a través de la construcción de Obras de Ingeniería Civil y la expansión de las ciudades, constituye una "agresión" externa que modifica el entorno natural. Esa relación ha pasado por cuatro etapas a lo largo de la historia (sumisión, adaptación, conquista y respeto). Así es como aparece el concepto de Paisaje Natural, Paisaje Construido y Paisaje Destruido sobre la base de los criterios funcionales, estéticos, ambientales, económicos y de abstracción donde se asienta la obra en el medio físico.Palabras clave: Paisaje natural, paisaje construido, paisaje destruido, ingeniería civil, medio ambiente.

Field Campaign on Pressure on the Crown Wall at the Outer Port of Punta Langosteira Breakwater

“…Crown wall design methods are not as widespread as those for other parts of rubble mound breakwaters such as the armour, filter, and so on. As the crown wall is a critical part of the breakwater, a reliable design equation is critical [6,7].…”