The impact of product upgrading on the decision of entrance to a secondary market

A fuzzy-QFD approach for the enhancement of work equipment safety: a case study in the agriculture sector

“…From a design for safety point of view, the proposed methodology can be considered a useful tool for the enhancement of the safety level of a system considering that the analysis focuses on working activities, following a bottom-up approach for hazard identification and assessment, providing more comprehensive and thorough results than the top-down approach (ISO 14121-2:2012). Thus, it can be applied from the early stages of the design process and in particularly when an upgrade is needed, which is a quite common situation in the production of durable goods (Xiong et al, 2016).…”

Effects of the Sharing Economy on Sequential Innovation Products

“…Yin et al [33] analyzed how the sequential addition of retail and peer-to-peer used goods markets affected manufacturers' product upgrades; they found that the addition of the retail used goods market resulted in less frequent product upgrades and the subsequent emergence of the peer-to-peer used goods market actually increased the frequency of product upgrades. Xiong et al [34] focused on the effect of manufacturer's upgraded products on the sales of used products in the secondary market; they found that when upgrades were typically small or moderate, the upgrading of new products could increase a third-party entrant's profitability in the secondary market, but it did not benefit the third-party entrant when upgrades were typically large. Second, the previous literature has discussed that remanufacturing might cannibalize the new product's sales [35,36].…”

Sustainable Decisions on Product Upgrade Confrontations with Remanufacturing Operations

“…Conversely, Klastorin et al [19] develop a game theory model that examines the effect of a firm's preannouncement of its product development, and show that, under some conditions, the innovator firm can benefit by preannouncing its product and giving the imitator firm additional time to differentiate its product. Xiong et al [20] establish a two-period model in which a monopolistic manufacturer sells new durable products directly to end consumers in both periods, while a third-party entrant operates a reverse channel by selling used products in the secondary market, and they find that when upgrades are typically small or moderate, the upgrading of new products can increase a third-party entrant's profitability in the secondary market. We refer the interested reader to Adams et al [23] for a more detailed review on product innovation strategies.…”

“…As such, we complement this stream of literature by allowing the OEM to have the flexibility to upgrade its products under different scenarios of remanufacturing, respectively. On the other hand, even though numerous researchers have highlighted product upgrade strategies under various settings, (see, e.g., [18][19][20]), the role that the product upgrading strategy of the OEMs plays in shaping equilibrium decisions of remanufacturing operations is not all clear. We thus extend them to consider cases that highlight how products upgrade strategies impact on the optimal strategy's choice under the remanufacturing operations that are undertaken by the OEMs and/or TPRs, respectively.…”