The Impact of Post Activation Potentiation on Achilles Tendon Stiffness, Elasticity and Thickness among Basketball Players

Pożarowszczyk, Beata; Gołaś, Artur; Chen, Aiguo; Zając, Adam; Kawczyński, Adam

doi:10.3390/sports6040117

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…For instance, Klich et al [32] reported an acute increase in vastus lateralis stiffness after all-out 200 m and 4000 m track cycling, with a higher increase after 200 m. An exception is the study by Hill et al [21], which indicated an acute decrease in vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius lateralis muscle stiffness induced by a fatiguing protocol consisting of five sets of 20 drop jumps. Furthermore, a study by Po żarowszczyk et al [26] found an acute increase in Achilles' tendon stiffness and elasticity after back squats with increasing external load (from 60 to 100% one-repetition maximum (1RM), with 10% steps). Nonetheless, the impact of particular resistance exercise intensity (load) on muscle mechanical properties is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-invasive methods, such as tensiomyography and myotonometry, assess muscles' contractile and mechanical properties, respectively. However, it seems that tensiomyography has been used more often [19,20,[22][23][24][25] than myotonometry [21,26], despite the fact that the device for myotonometry measurement (the Myoton) is more practical, being faster due to no electrical stimulation being needed, as is the case with tensiomyography (after electrode placement, the protocol consists of increasing intensity, i.e., five steps of 10 mA with a 10 s interval in between to avoid potentiation and fatigue [27]), and the device is much smaller, making it easier to transport. Moreover, the Myoton device has been validated for measurement of muscle tone and stiffness in healthy participants with "good" to "excellent" (intra-and inter-rater) reliability [28] and shows a high level of agreement compared with measurements from shear-wave ultrasound elastography [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute changes in muscle mechanical properties (measured by Myoton) due to exercise were indicated as fatigue or potentiation (acute muscle function improvement due to previous muscle activity) [21,26,27]. Studies in which the Myoton device was used show mainly increases in muscle stiffness due to the fatiguing protocols (Wang et al, 2016(Wang et al, , 2017Klich et al, 2019;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the impact of particular resistance exercise intensity (load) on muscle mechanical properties is unknown. Additionally, Po żarowszczyk et al [26] did not assess physical performance level (i.e., countermovement jump); thus, it is unestablished whether the changes in muscle mechanical properties could be related to performance outcomes. These results [21,26,32] indicate that the type of exercise, as well as intensity and volume, may have different effects on muscle mechanical properties; however, this is still a scientifically unexplored area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Different Intensities during Bench Press Exercise on the Mechanical Properties of Triceps Brachii Long Head

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to analyze acute changes in the muscle mechanical properties of the triceps brachii long head after bench press exercise performed at different external loads and with different intensities of effort along with power performance. Ten resistance-trained males (age: 27.7 ± 3.7 yr, body mass: 90.1 ± 17.1 kg, height: 184 ± 4 cm; experience in resistance training: 5.8 ± 2.6 yr, relative one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press: 1.23 ± 0.22 kg/body mass) performed two different testing conditions in a randomized order. During the experimental session, participants performed four successive sets of two repetitions of the bench press exercise at: 50, 70, and 90% 1RM, respectively, followed by a set at 70% 1RM performed until failure, with a 4 min rest interval between each set. Immediately before and after each set, muscle mechanical properties of the dominant limb triceps brachii long head were assessed via a Myoton device. To determine fatigue, peak and average barbell velocity were measured at 70% 1RM and at 70% 1RM until failure (only first and second repetition). In the control condition, only muscle mechanical properties at the same time points after the warm-up were assessed. The intraclass correlation coefficients indicated “poor” to “excellent” reliability for decrement, relaxation time, and creep. Therefore, these variables were excluded from further analysis. Three-way ANOVAs (2 groups × 2 times × 4 loads) indicated a statistically significant group × time interaction for muscle tone (p = 0.008). Post hoc tests revealed a statistically significant increase in muscle tone after 70% 1RM (p = 0.034; ES = 0.32) and 90% 1RM (p = 0.011; ES = 0.56). No significant changes were found for stiffness. The t-tests indicated a significant decrease in peak (p = 0.001; ES = 1.02) and average barbell velocity (p = 0.008; ES = 0.8) during the first two repetitions of a set at 70% 1RM until failure in comparison to the set at 70% 1RM. The results indicate that low-volume, high-load resistance exercise immediately increases muscle tone but not stiffness. Despite no significant changes in the mechanical properties of the muscle being registered simultaneously with a decrease in barbell velocity, there was a trend of increased muscle tone. Therefore, further studies with larger samples are required to verify whether muscle tone could be a sensitive marker to detect acute muscle fatigue.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Different Intensities during Bench Press Exercise on the Mechanical Properties of Triceps Brachii Long Head

et al. 2022

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“…One of those solutions could include assessing viscoelastic properties, such as tendon stiffness, via myotonometry. For example, Pożarowszczyk et al (2018) reported a CA-induced increase in Achilles tendon stiffness (after single repetitions of progressive back squats at 60%–100% 1RM with 10% steps). However, the authors did not evaluate how it affects subsequent performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of combined isometric and plyometric conditioning activities on sports performance and tendon stiffness in female volleyball players

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to compare the effects of bilateral and unilateral conditioning activities (CA; combined isometric and plyometric) on countermovement jump performance, modified t-agility test, Achilles tendon stiffness and skin surface temperature. Thirteen female semi-professional volleyball players performed two CAs in random order: 1) bilateral isometric half back squats followed by bilateral drop jumps (BI-CA); and 2) unilateral isometric half back squats followed by unilateral drop jumps (UNI-CA). To assess the effects of CAs, countermovement jump, modified t-agility test, Achilles tendon stiffness and skin surface temperature measurements were performed 5 min before and 6 min after the CA. Both CAs significantly increased thigh skin surface temperature from pre- to post-CA (BI-CA, p < 0.001; effect size [ES] = 1.41 and UNI-CA, p = 0.001; ES = 1.39) but none of them influenced modified t-agility test time (interaction: p = 0.338, main effect of time: p = 0.121 and condition: p = 0.819). The countermovement jump height and modified reactive strength index significantly increased from pre-to post-CA during the BI-CA condition (p = 0.003, ES = 0.45, and p = 0.008, ES = 0.48) but not for UNI-CA (p = 0.061, ES = 0.18 and p = 0.065, ES = 0.26). No significant impact has been found for countermovement depth (interaction: p = 0.054, main effect of time: 0.097, and condition: p = 0.41) as well as for contraction time (interaction: p = 0.536, main effect of time: p = 0.224, and condition: p = 0.807). Moreover, stronger and weaker limb CMJ relative peak force significantly decreased from pre-to post-CA (p = 0.014, ES = −0.31, and p = 0.027, ES = −0.26; respectively) during UNI-CA condition but not for BI-CA (p = 0.096, ES = 0.23, and p = 1.41, ES = 0.18). The stronger and weaker limb Achilles tendon stiffness significantly increased from pre-to post-CA during the UNI-CA condition (p = 0.013, ES = 0.60 and p < 0.001, ES = 0.79; respectively) but not for BI-CA (p = 0.66; ES = 0.15 and p = 0.265; ES = 0.42). Furthermore, the post-CA stronger limb Achilles tendon stiffness during the UNI-CA was significantly higher than that noted during the BI-CA (p = 0.006, ES = 0.7). The present study showed that combined isometric and plyometric bilateral CA effectively improved the countermovement jump but did not enhance the t-agility test performance. These findings indicate that exercise combinations could effectively produce a post-activation performance enhancement effect but should replicate the following explosive task as much as possible.

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Does lower extremity stiffness influence change of direction speed in badminton athletes after dynamic loaded warm-up?

Wang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

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The Impact of Post Activation Potentiation on Achilles Tendon Stiffness, Elasticity and Thickness among Basketball Players

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Acute Effects of Different Intensities during Bench Press Exercise on the Mechanical Properties of Triceps Brachii Long Head

Acute Effects of Different Intensities during Bench Press Exercise on the Mechanical Properties of Triceps Brachii Long Head

Acute effects of combined isometric and plyometric conditioning activities on sports performance and tendon stiffness in female volleyball players

Does lower extremity stiffness influence change of direction speed in badminton athletes after dynamic loaded warm-up?

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