The impact of poor dental status and removable dental prosthesis quality on body composition, masticatory performance and oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in older adults

Abstract

Background To determine the impact of dental status, types, and quality of dental prostheses on body composition, masticatory performance and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Potential associations between body composition, masticatory performance and OHRQoL were also investigated. Methods This cross-sectional study included 110 older adults who received prosthodontic treatment at the Dental Faculty Clinics at Chulalongkorn University. Participants were categorized according to their dental prostheses: complete denture (CD), removable partial denture (RPD) and fixed partial denture (FPD). Retention and stability of the RPD and CD were evaluated using the CU-modified Kapur and the modified NHANES III criteria to classify denture quality into acceptable and unacceptable. Dental status including posterior occluding pairs and number of remaining natural teeth were assessed intraorally. Dependent variables were body composition, masticatory performance and OHRQoL. Body composition, including muscle mass (kg), bone mass (kg), basal metabolic rate (kcal) and visceral fat (%) were determined through a bioelectrical impedance analysis. Masticatory performance was assessed using a multiple sieve method of peanut mastication. OHRQoL was assessed using the validated Thai version of Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Thai-OIDP) index. After adjusting for covariates, including age and sex, the associations between oral and dental prosthesis status and body composition, masticatory performance as well as OIDP score were analyzed using multivariable linear and negative binomial regression analyses. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the potential associations between body composition, masticatory performance and OHRQoL. Results The presence of fewer natural teeth or wearing an unacceptable removable denture were factors associated with lower bone mass, muscle mass and basal metabolic rate, and with a higher visceral fat. Similar dental and removable denture status were also associated with larger peanut particle size and higher OIDP score. Masticatory performance and OHRQoL variables were moderately correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.44). However, body composition was not correlated with masticatory performance or OHRQoL. Conclusions In individuals wearing dental prostheses, factors such as severity of tooth loss, types, and quality of dental prostheses, particularly retention and stability, negatively impacted not only masticatory function and OHRQoL, but also their overall body composition and health.

Masticatory performance and oral health related to quality of life before and after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“… 1 The use of dental prostheses also has a significant impact on masticatory performance and OHRQoL. 5 , 6 Since chewing is considered an important step in the beginning of the digestive process, and considering the aesthetic and functional factors of the patients, it is necessary to choose appropriate treatments. 7 Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, studies should reach a consensus to provide sufficient evidence in this field.…”

Oral health issues of late Baby Boomers (1956–1964)

“…Baby boomers experienced increasingly sedentary lifestyles and greater availability of fast and processed foods which are risk factors common to obesity and many other chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease, but also caries and periodontal disease 12,13 . Poor oral health has also been associated with weight gain, body composition changes and poor nutrition, potentially contributing to higher rates of obesity in some populations as well 14 …”

“…12,13 Poor oral health has also been associated with weight gain, body composition changes and poor nutrition, potentially contributing to higher rates of obesity in some populations as well. 14 These risk factors common to chronic oral and systemic diseases that are largely preventable, and have proven to be significantly challenging to overcome. This is particularly true among disadvantaged, marginalized, and vulnerable populations and remains a broad threat to the health and longevity of baby boomers, despite the fact that they have been the beneficiaries of significant advances in medicine and dentistry over their lifetime.…”

Oral health-related quality of life and reasons for discontinuing partial removable dental prosthesis usage: a cross-sectional study with one to seven years of follow-up

“…Tooth loss is a global oral health concern, along with dental caries and periodontal disease [ 1 ]. The absence of teeth can significantly impair an individual’s oral function and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), concurrent with increased malnutrition risk [ 2 , 3 ]. Presently, the rate of complete edentulism is declining and the prevalence trend is now shifting towards being partially edentulous [ 4 , 5 ].…”

“…Presently, the rate of complete edentulism is declining and the prevalence trend is now shifting towards being partially edentulous [ 4 , 5 ]. However, without adequate oral rehabilitation, the effect of tooth loss could extend beyond oral health, affecting an individual’s general well-being and increasing the risk of comorbidities [ 2 , 6 ].…”