The Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Reducing Child Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders

Transler, Catherine; Eilander, Ans; Mitchell, Ellen Siobhan; Meer, Nelly van de

doi:10.1177/1087054709347250

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Lastly, increased provision of LC n-3 PUFA later on in infancy and early childhood (through increased oily fish consumption or LC PUFA supplementation) has also been shown to decrease the risk of allergic disease development [149][150][151][152] and has been associated with better visual acuity 153,154 and cognitive function 155,156 , although these effects need to be further investigated. The effects of PUFA on child attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders are not yet clear as the existing evidence is inconclusive 157 . Genetic polymorphisms in FA desaturase genes modify the association between FA intake and maternal and breast milk FA status.…”

Section: Fatty Acids As Biocompounds: Their Role In Human Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Kremmyda¹,

Tvrzická²,

Staňková³

et al. 2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

152

134

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Background. This is the second of two review parts aiming at describing the major physiological roles of fatty acids, as well as their applications in specific conditions related to human health.Results. The review included the current literature published in Pubmed up to March 2011. In humans, fatty acids are a principle energy substrate and structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids) and second messengers. Fatty acids are also ligands of nuclear receptors affecting gene expression. Longer-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid are precursors of lipid mediators such as eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes), resolvins and neuroprotectins. Lipid mediators produced by EPA and DHA (LC n-3 PUFA; mainly found in oily fish) are considered as inflammation-resolving, and thus, fish oil has been characterised as antiinflammatory. Recommendations for EPA plus DHA intake from oily fish vary between 250-450 mg/day. Dietary reference values for fat vary between nutrition bodies, but mainly agree on a low total and saturated fat intake. The existing literature supports the protective effects of LC n-3 PUFA (as opposed to n-6 PUFA and saturated fat) in maternal and offspring health, cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, the metabolic syndrome, cancer, critically ill patients, and immune system disorders.Conclusion. Fatty acids are involved in multiple pathways and play a major role in health. Further investigation and a nutrigenomics approach to the effects of these biocompounds on health and disease development are imperative and highlight the importance of environmental modifications on disease outcome.humans. Thus, these FA may be characterised as conditionally essential depending on EFA availability. Genetic variation in human desaturase genes affects FA metabolism, plasma lipid profiles, and risk of disease development [5][6][7] . Recommendations for minimum dietary intake of EPA plus DHA vary between 250-450 mg/day 8 , especially for pregnant women and those of reproductive age. Rich sources of LC n-3 PUFA are fish oils and the flesh of oily fish, whereas non-oily (white) fish contain them but in lower amounts.Long-chain PUFA with 18-20 carbon atoms, including EPA and AA, are precursors of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leucotrienes and thromboxanes), which have a broad scale of regulatory, autocrine and paracrine effects. Long-chain PUFA with 20 and 22 carbon atoms are precursors of autacoids -resolvins (resolution phase interaction products), lipoxins and neuroprotectins 9 . FA are also ligands of nuclear receptors which take part in the subcellular control of metabolic pathways. Covalent modification of proteins by FA acylation enables their incorporation into membranes. Hydroxy FA are activators of some nuclear factors and are responsible for the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1,

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Section: Fatty Acids As Biocompounds: Their Role In Human Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Kremmyda¹,

Tvrzická²,

Staňková³

et al. 2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

152

134

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“…However, placebo controlled interventions in ADHD or hyperactive children present mixed results (Transler et al, 2010). Animal models provide insights into the relationships between PUFAs and behavioral and cognitive impairments seen in ADHD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Deficiency Explain Some Dysfunctions Found in ADHD? Hypotheses From Animal Research

2011

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“…Several clinical trials with mixed results have been conducted to investigate whether some behavioral or cognitive symptoms of children with ADHD can be improved by long-chain PUFA supplementation [26]. Locomotor hyperactivity is the most easily discerned symptom of ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and locomotor activity in an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Lange

Makulska-Gertruda

Reisinger

et al. 2013

FFHD

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ABSTRACT:Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent behavioral disorder of childhood and is characterized by hyperactivity, attention problems and impulsivity. Pharmacological and behavioral therapies have been shown to be effective. In addition, the role of dietary compounds in the etiology and possibly the treatment of ADHD has attracted increasing attention. For example, the lack of dietary essential fatty acids has been suggested to be associated with symptoms of ADHD in humans.Objective: To investigate the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on locomotor activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) which has been proposed as an animal model of ADHD.Methods: Two groups of randomly assigned spontaneously hypertensive rats were fed with either n-3 PUFA-deficient or n-3 PUFA-enriched food (based on AIN93G) for six weeks and this was continued during the phase of behavioral testing. Locomotor activity was subsequently assessed using an open field test. Results:The results showed a marked difference in locomotor activity between the two groups of SHRs. In comparison with rats fed with n-3 deficient food, the animals on an n-3 enriched diet showed a statistically significant decrease in motor activity as assessed by the distance traveled. Conclusions:The present study demonstrates a marked reduction in locomotor activity following an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet in SHRs, i.e. the dietary enrichment with n-3 PUFAs reduced the motor activity in an established animal model of ADHD. Dietary n-3 PUFAs may therefore play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD.

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The Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Reducing Child Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Could Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Deficiency Explain Some Dysfunctions Found in ADHD? Hypotheses From Animal Research

Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and locomotor activity in an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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