The Impact of Pharmacogenetics on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Neonates and Infants: A Systematic Review

Fetal and Infant Effects of Maternal Opioid Use during Pregnancy: A Literature Review including Clinical, Toxicological, Pharmacogenomic, and Epigenetic Aspects for Forensic Evaluation

“…The rapid evolution of ontogenetic changes in the expression of these proteins or processes is linked to the maturation of renal, cardiac, intestinal, and other physiological aspects, leading to a maturational, age-related mismatch between genotype and phenotype, defined as “phenoconversion” [ 68 ].…”

“…Foetus and infant cause of death: Kaltenbach et al 1998 [ 1 ], Sithisarn et al 2012 [ 2 ], Friguls et al 2012 [ 6 ], Lam et al 1992 [ 9 ], Fishman et al 2019 [ 11 ], Rausgaard et al 2023 [ 14 ], Bashore et al 1981 [ 16 ], Anbalagan et al 2023 [ 17 ], Ryan et al 2023 [ 18 ], Esposito et al 2022 [ 19 ], Little et al 1990 [ 21 ], Kandall et al 1976 [ 23 ], Athanasakis et al 2011 [ 25 ], Burns et al2010 [ 28 ], Cohen et al 2015 [ 30 ], Kandall et al 1991 [ 40 ], Kandall et al 1993 [ 41 ], Montanari et al 2018 [ 47 ], Montanari et al 2019 [ 48 ], Serra et al 2017 [ 57 ], Ward et al 1990 [ 59 ], Whiteman et al 2014 [ 61 ], Wurst et al 2016 [ 63 ]. Genetic analyses: Borrelli et al 2022 [ 20 ], Crews et al 2021 [ 66 ], CPIC Guideline 2022 [ 67 ], Yalçin et al 2022 [ 68 ], Madadi et al 2012 [ 69 ], Mactier et al2012 [ 70 ], McPhail et al 2021 [ 71 ], Liu et al 2016 [ 72 ], van Hoogdalem et al 2021 [ 73 ], Wachman et al 2013 [ 74 ], Koren et al 2006 [ 77 ], Madadi et al 2009 [ 78 ], Friedrichsdorf et al 2013 [ 79 ], Madadi et al 2007 [ 80 ], Sistonen et al 2012 [ 81 ], Claessens et al 2010 [ 82 ], Badaoui et al 2021 [ 83 ], Pogliani et al 2012 [ 84 ], Elens et al 2016 [ 85 ], Matic et al 2...…”

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles: unique considerations for optimal design of neonatal clinical trials

“…Pharmacogenomic studies in neonates are complicated by the influence of gestational age and postnatal age on drug metabolism and response, but recently groups have compiled available pharmacogenetic knowledge in neonates (49). As discussed before, children are born with low enzyme activity for most enzymes that then increase according to an enzyme-specific pattern (50).…”

Advancing Precision Medicine in Paediatrics: Past, present and future

“…Pharmacogenetics is a potentially very important and under-studied variable in drug dosing for neonates. A recent review compiles all the known publications around pharmacogenetics in neonates and infants (Yalçin et al, 2022 ), and the number of such investigations has indeed grown over time. Importantly, the intersection of developmental stage and genetic variation must be considered in neonates.…”