The Impact of Peripheral Eosinophil Counts and Eosinophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (ELR) in the Clinical Course of COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki; Garmpis, Nikolaos; Damaskos, Christos; Valsami, Serena; Dimitroulis, Dimitrios; Diamantis, Evangelos; Farmaki, Paraskevi; Papageorgiou, C.; Makrodimitri, Sotiria; Gravvanis, Nikolaos; Velonias, Stamatis; Sklapani, Pagona; Τράκας, Νικόλαος; Antoniou, Efstathios; Kontzoglou, Konstantinos; Nikolidakis, Lampros; Damaskou, Zoi; Syllaios, Athanasios; Μαρίνος, Γεώργιος; Vogiatzi, Georgia; Korrou, Georgia-Eleni; Kyriakos, Georgios; Quiles-Sanchez, Lourdes-Victoria; Patsouras, Alexandros; Lamprinos, Dimitrios; Stelianidi, Athanasia; Savvanis, Spyridon; Garmpi, Anna

doi:10.21873/invivo.12303

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…( D ) Platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) ( n = 172; reference value: 120) [ 19 , 20 ]. ( E ) Eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio (ELR) ( n = 174; reference value: 0.2) [ 21 ]. The dotted line indicates the reference value for each parameter.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Inflammatory Mediators in Young Adult Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico

et al. 2021

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Young adults (18–40 years old) are an active population with high risk of infection and transmission of COVID-19. They are considered a low-risk population due to its low 1.0% case fatality rate (CFR). Despite their high clinical usefulness to prevent fatal cases, inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers studies are limited. For this reason, we performed a retrospective cohort study with COVID-19 patients in Hermosillo, Mexico, to assess inflammation, coagulopathy profile, and severity outcomes in young adults. We analyzed blood samples to determine the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil/monocyte ratio (NMR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (C-RP). We included epidemiological features and comorbidities, and compared them to the severity status. Only 359 COVID-19-confirmed young adults were included in the ambulatory (44.8%), hospitalized (42.9%), and death (12%) severity groups. Laboratory results showed an increase in NMR, LMR, and C-RP associated with the aggravated patients. Additionally, obesity, arterial hypertension, and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were associated with the COVID-19 severity outcome. We found that 9.1% and 30.3% of young adults presented the novel COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) and the risk of CAC, respectively. These parameters can be considered independent biomarkers reflecting an enhanced inflammatory process related to the COVID-19 prognosis.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Inflammatory Mediators in Young Adult Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico

et al. 2021

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“…Eosinophils additionally show hepatoprotective activity [14] and cardiac protective function after myocardial infarction [15]. Of particular interest, a robust inverse correlation between eosinophil numbers and severity of novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID- 19) infection was observed [16][17][18][19][20]. Furthermore pre-existing eosinophilia in asthmatics was proven to be protective against COVID-19-associated hospital admission, while development of eosinophilia during hospitalization was associated with decreased mortality [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of Phospholipase-Derived Cleavage Products in Regulating Eosinophil Activity: Focus on Lysophospholipids, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids

Knuplez

Sturm

Marsche

2021

IJMS

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Eosinophils are important effector cells involved in allergic inflammation. When stimulated, eosinophils release a variety of mediators initiating, propagating, and maintaining local inflammation. Both, the activity and concentration of secreted and cytosolic phospholipases (PLAs) are increased in allergic inflammation, promoting the cleavage of phospholipids and thus the production of reactive lipid mediators. Eosinophils express high levels of secreted phospholipase A2 compared to other leukocytes, indicating their direct involvement in the production of lipid mediators during allergic inflammation. On the other side, eosinophils have also been recognized as crucial mediators with regulatory and homeostatic roles in local immunity and repair. Thus, targeting the complex network of lipid mediators offer a unique opportunity to target the over-activation and ‘pro-inflammatory’ phenotype of eosinophils without compromising the survival and functions of tissue-resident and homeostatic eosinophils. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the critical role of phospholipase-derived lipid mediators in modulating eosinophil activity in health and disease. We focus on lysophospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids with exciting new perspectives for future drug development.

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“…This association of eosinopenia with fever and pneumonia was confirmed in a young and middle-aged cohort [91] and in an elderly cohort, predicting intensive care unit (ICU) risk and serum cytokine increase [92]. Eosinophil/lymphocyte counts are reduced in patients with longer hospitalizations and worse outcomes [93,94], while recovery of cell levels is associated with symptoms of amelioration [95]. On the other hand, if eosinopenia is sustained and worsened by progressive eosinophil reduction, it causes higher mortality, tissue damage, and a higher presence of coagulation disorder markers [96].…”

Section: Eosinophilic Responses Against Virus and Current Knowledge About Eosinophils Involvement In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 80%

Emerging Evidence for Pleiotropism of Eosinophils

Rodrigo‐Muñoz

Gil-Martínez

Sastre

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Eosinophils are complex granulocytes with the capacity to react upon diverse stimuli due to their numerous and variable surface receptors, which allows them to respond in very different manners. Traditionally believed to be only part of parasitic and allergic/asthmatic immune responses, as scientific studies arise, the paradigm about these cells is continuously changing, adding layers of complexity to their roles in homeostasis and disease. Developing principally in the bone marrow by the action of IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF, eosinophils migrate from the blood to very different organs, performing multiple functions in tissue homeostasis as in the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, uterus, mammary glands, liver, and skeletal muscle. In organs such as the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, eosinophils are able to act as immune regulatory cells and also to perform direct actions against parasites, and bacteria, where novel mechanisms of immune defense as extracellular DNA traps are key factors. Besides, eosinophils, are of importance in an effective response against viral pathogens by their nuclease enzymatic activity and have been lately described as involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 immunity. The pleiotropic role of eosinophils is sustained because eosinophils can be also detrimental to human physiology, for example, in diseases like allergies, asthma, and eosinophilic esophagitis, where exosomes can be significant pathophysiologic units. These eosinophilic pathologies, require specific treatments by eosinophils control, such as new monoclonal antibodies like mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab. In this review, we describe the roles of eosinophils as effectors and regulatory cells and their involvement in pathological disorders and treatment.

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The Impact of Peripheral Eosinophil Counts and Eosinophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (ELR) in the Clinical Course of COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Acute Inflammatory Mediators in Young Adult Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico

Acute Inflammatory Mediators in Young Adult Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico

Emerging Role of Phospholipase-Derived Cleavage Products in Regulating Eosinophil Activity: Focus on Lysophospholipids, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids

Emerging Evidence for Pleiotropism of Eosinophils

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