“…NWOM is probed more by second-order emotions after transgression, which manifest from basic emotions. The second-order emotions of anxiety, vengeance, frustration, irritation, regret, disappointment, guilt, embarrassment, discontent, dislike, and betrayal independently cause the customer to spread NWOM (Amatulli et al, 2020(Amatulli et al, , 2021Burhanudin et al, 2021;Chen, Li, et al, 2021;Chen, Mohanty, et al, 2021;Harrison-Walker, 2019a;Harrison-Walker, 2019b;Lopez, 2021;Nazifi et al, 2020;Nyer, 1997;Richins, 1984;Romani et al, 2012;Sweeney et al, 2005;Tan et al, 2021). Contemporary studies have also explored emotions like schadenfreude and its impact on NWOM (Ruppel & Einwiller, 2021).…”