The impact of passive and active smoking on inflammation, lipid profile and the risk of myocardial infarction

Attard, R.; Dingli, Philip; Doggen, Carine J.M.; Cassar, Kevin; Farrugia, Rosienne; Wettinger, Stephanie Bezzina

doi:10.1136/openhrt-2017-000620

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In a study conducted by Attard et al, it was reported that exposure to PS increased the risk of MI (OR 3.2 [95% CI 1.7, 6.3]), with the OR being higher for individuals exposed to PS at home rather than in a public setting (OR 2.0 [95% CI 0.7, 5.6] vs. OR 1.2 [95% CI 0.7, 2.0]) . Likewise, we found increased risk of CVD in subjects who were exposed to PS in the workplace and at home.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Association between passive smoking and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2019

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Background The association between passive smoking (PS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not yet been fully clarified. Objective This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the association between PS and the incidence of CVDs and mortality due to CVD. Methods PubMed/Medicine, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and ProQuest were searched to identify observational studies that met the inclusion criteria without time, language, age, gender, ethnicity, and design restrictions until July 30, 2018. In case–control studies, relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the relationship between PS and CVD incidence. Also, in cohort studies, hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI was calculated for the relationship between PS and CVD mortality. Results Eighteen studies (10 cohort and 8 case–control studies) were included with 10,672 participants (2,542 cases and 8,130 controls) in case–control studies and 2,313,935 participants in cohort studies. This meta‐analysis in case–control studies revealed that the PS could increase the risk of CVD incidence by 28% (adjusted RR = 1.28 [95% CI 1.09, 1.50]), where the highest risk was associated with those who were exposed to second‐hand smoke at home and at work (Adjusted RR = 1.41 [95% CI 0.73, 2.70]). Also, the meta‐analysis in cohort studies indicated that PS was associated with a 12% higher increase in the risk of CVD mortality (Adjusted HR = 1.12 [95% CI 1.06, 1.20]) with the highest risk of mortality being observed for those who were exposed to second‐hand smoking at home, work, and public places (Adjusted HR = 1.26 [95% CI 1.13, 1.40]). Conclusions PS is significantly associated with an increased risk of incidence and mortality of CVD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…It has also been evidenced that PS could increase the risk of coronary heart disease by 70–80% . Furthermore, meta‐analytic evidence highlighted the association between PS and a minor increase in the risk of coronary heart disease, while this finding was not obtained in another case–control study …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association between passive smoking and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2019

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“…42 Even one cigarette per day may increase the risk for CAD and stroke, which is much more pronounced among individuals who smoke ≥20 cigarettes per day. 42 Also exposure to environment/secondhand cigarette smoke may increase the risk for incident CAD and deaths from CAD, [43][44][45] supporting the notion that smoking has a harmful effect on general health and survival outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Impact of baseline cigarette smoking status on clinical outcome after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Abawi

Gils

Agostoni

et al. 2019

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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Objectives To explore the prevalence of smoking, and its association with clinical and mortality outcome among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Background Less data exist regarding the effect of baseline smoking status on clinical and mortality outcome among patients undergoing TAVR. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent TAVR at two high volume Dutch centers were included. Smoking status was prospectively questioned by a structured interview at admission. Primary endpoint was 1‐year all‐cause mortality after TAVR. Results A total of 913 consecutive patients (80.1 ± 7.6 years; logistic EuroSCORE: 16.5 ± 9.9%) who underwent TAVR for severe aortic valve stenosis were included. There were 47% (n = 432) males, and 57% (n = 522) never‐smokers, and 35% (n = 317) prior‐smokers, and 8% (n = 74) current‐smokers. Smokers (i.e., prior‐smokers or current‐smokers) were younger compared to never‐smokers (78.9 ± 7.9 and 76.4 ± 8.0 vs. 81.3 ± 7.1, P < 0.000, respectively). Median follow‐up time was 365 (interquartile range [IQR]: 280–365) days. Overall, prior‐smoking was not associated with all‐cause mortality at 1‐year following TAVR (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–1.23). After stratification according to sex, male prior‐smokers showed better 1‐year survival after TAVR than male never‐smokers (12% vs. 20%; P = 0.018, respectively, HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.89), while this reversed effect was not observed among female prior‐smokers versus female never‐smokers after TAVR (HR 1.70, 95% CI 0.95–3.05). Conclusions Overall, baseline prior‐smokers had similar 1‐year mortality outcome after TAVR compared with baseline never‐smokers. However, there was a reversed association between baseline prior‐smoking status and 1‐year mortality after TAVR among males, which could partially be explained due to the favorable baseline characteristics.

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“…Finally, it seems a bit unexpected that unprocessed red meat does not increase CRP and triglycerides or decrease HDL cholesterol in current smokers; however, it is not surprising that unprocessed red meat may make modest contributions to inflammation and disturbed lipid levels when compared to cigarette smoking in current smokers. Cigarette smoking can significantly increase circulating inflammation and triglycerides and reduce HDL cholesterol …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important modifier is smoking. Smoking can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal blood lipid levels, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and many chronic diseases . Quitting smoking cannot remove the damage caused by smoking in the past; therefore, past smokers are more susceptible to exogenous insults, such as factors that can initiate inflammation or disturb lipid levels, than never smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unprocessed red meat intakes are associated with increased inflammation, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol in past smokers

Sonoda

Liu

2019

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aim To determine the associations of unprocessed red meat with serum C‐reactive protein and traditional lipid biomarkers among adults with different smoking status. Methods Using a cross‐sectional design, we analysed data collected from 5011 adults (men and women) who had provided information on dietary intakes and the proposed biomarkers for the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Results We found positive associations between unprocessed red meat and serum C‐reactive protein and triglycerides and an inverse association between unprocessed red meat and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in past smokers, but no associations in never smokers and current smokers. Among past smokers, the percent difference of biomarkers between participants with the highest and the lowest quintiles for the intakes of unprocessed red meat was 42% (P = 0.03) for CRP, 32% for triglycerides and −11% (P = 0.02) for HDL cholesterol. No association was found between unprocessed red meat and other lipid biomarkers. Conclusions Providing individualised nutritional guidelines according to smoking status is important. Our study provided evidence for developing specific guidelines on red meat for past smokers.

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The impact of passive and active smoking on inflammation, lipid profile and the risk of myocardial infarction

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Association between passive smoking and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Association between passive smoking and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Impact of baseline cigarette smoking status on clinical outcome after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Unprocessed red meat intakes are associated with increased inflammation, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol in past smokers

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