The Impact of Passenger Car Motor Oils on Emissions Performance

Chamberlin, William B.; Kelley, Jack; Wilk, M.

doi:10.4271/2003-01-1988

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The behaviour of phosphorus compounds suggests that phosphorus can continue to accumulate even after a site is deactivated. The origin of the poison atoms is often the engine oil, or from combustion of additives in the oil or fuel, in particular the anti-wear agent zinc dithiophosphate [2] or zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). Blocking of pores in the catalyst washcoat by poisons can have a similar deactivating effect, making many active sites inaccessible if a significant pore volume is blocked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus deposition on a three-way catalyst under accelerated ageing conditions

Benjamin

Brogan

Collin³

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Degradation of catalyst performance with time is described as ageing. There are two significant ageing mechanisms: poisoning and sintering. Experimental data on ageing have been obtained on an engine test bed using a specially designed catalyst core holder; the catalyst samples were subjected to different accelerated ageing regimes and durations. The ageing regimes were as follows: low temperature dosed (mainly poisoning); high temperature not dosed (mainly sintering); high temperature dosed (both sintering and poisoning). The experiments provided a series of samples from which the spatial and time dependences of the poisoning have been found. Portions of the samples were subjected to X-ray fluorescence analysis after ageing. A combined model of poisoning and sintering was developed and incorporated into a computational fluid dynamics model. This combined model can predict the level of deactivation as a function of length along the catalyst and as a function of time. Agreement between measured poison accumulation and predictions was achieved by tuning the sintering parameter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus deposition on a three-way catalyst under accelerated ageing conditions

Benjamin

Brogan

Collin³

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…[2 -6] To quantify the amount of phosphorus on a typical used catalyst would be difficult due to the different oil leakage rates of different engines. A catalyst that had been exposed to contaminants may be expected to perform less well during warm up and light off because it has been shown that the poisons mainly accumulate around the inlet section of the monolith [6]. Thermal deactivation would be linked to a reduced steady state conversion due to the agglomeration of precious metal particles over the length of the catalyst [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Phosphorus Poisoning Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and its Effect on Automotive Catalyst Performance

Disdale¹,

Roberts²,

Benjamin³

2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Accumulation of phosphorus in an automotive catalyst is detrimental to catalyst performance, leading to partial or total deactivation. The deactivation model described in this paper utilises CFD to derive a one-dimensional mathematical solution to obtain phosphorus accumulation profiles down the length of a catalyst. The early work of Oh and Cavendish [1] is the basis for this study. A model output, θ, represents the fraction of

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Low‐ and zero‐sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur anti‐wear additives for engine oils

Spikes

2008

Lubrication Science

232

124

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Modern engine lubricant specifications include compositional constraints in terms of the permitted level of sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur (SAPS). This necessitates a reduction in the concentration of the additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) used in engine oils, and there is currently great interest in identifying anti‐wear additives that contain low or zero SAPS to partially or wholly replace ZDDP.This paper reviews the main chemical classes that are reported in the literature as potential low‐ or zero‐SAPS anti‐wear agents. There are many such possible additives, although none appears to be quite as versatile as ZDDP. Instead, combinations of anti‐wear and extreme pressure additives are likely to be employed in the future. The literature reveals a strong imbalance in the amount and depth of research carried out on the various additive types, with a great deal of research on a few classes of additives and very little recent work on most others. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The Impact of Passenger Car Motor Oils on Emissions Performance

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Phosphorus deposition on a three-way catalyst under accelerated ageing conditions

Phosphorus deposition on a three-way catalyst under accelerated ageing conditions

Modelling of Phosphorus Poisoning Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and its Effect on Automotive Catalyst Performance

Low‐ and zero‐sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur anti‐wear additives for engine oils

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