The impact of Parkinson's disease on manifestations and outcomes of Covid‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Summary Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who contracted Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) had a decline in motor functions; nevertheless, there is limited evidence on whether PD patients have a higher risk for contracting Covid‐19 or have worse outcomes. This is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to review the impact of PD on the prognosis of Covid‐19 patients. We performed a systematic search through seven electronic databases under the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses statement (PRISMA) guidelines. The R software version 4.0.2 was used to calculate pooled sample sizes and their associated confidence intervals (95%CI). Finally, we included 13 papers in this study. The pooled prevalence rate of Covid‐19 was 2.12% (95%CI: 0.75–5.98). Fever, cough, fatigue and anorexia were the most common symptoms with a rate of 72.72% (95% CI: 57.3 ‐ 92.29), 66.99% (95% CI: 49.08–91.42), 61.58% (95% CI: 46.69–81.21) and 52.55% (95% CI: 35.09–78.68), respectively. The pooled rates were 39.89% (95% CI: 27.09–58.73) for hospitalisation, 4.7% (95% CI: 1.56–14.16) for ICU admission and 25.1% (95%CI: 16.37–38.49) for mortality. On further comparison of hospitalisation and mortality rates among Covid‐19 patients with and without PD, there were no significant differences. In conclusion, the prevalence and prognosis of Covid‐19 patients seem comparable in patients with PD and those without it. The increased hospitalisation and mortality may be attributed to old age and co‐morbidities.

Neurological toll of COVID-19

“…In a recent meta-analysis, the hospitalization rate for the PD patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is calculated to be 39.89%, while the mortality rate to be 25.1%. Even the prevalence and severity of the COVID-19 disease including the mortality are considered to be higher than the general public [67]. Other disorders are found more frequent in the PD patients such as dyspnea, which is a respiratory dysfunction due to the muscle weakness and inadequate respiration excursion and found in 39% of the patients [69].…”

“…Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects people for a long time involving the CNS and especially affects the motor system. In several studies, it has been reported that the individuals suffering from PD are likely to be more vulnerable to the neurological disorder manifestation in COVID-19 disease [67,68]. In a recent meta-analysis, the hospitalization rate for the PD patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is calculated to be 39.89%, while the mortality rate to be 25.1%.…”

COVID‐19 outcomes in paediatric cancer: A large scale pooled meta‐analysis of 984 cancer patients

“…21 We used a random effects model in all the analysis due to presence of heterogeneity estimated by a p value of < 0.1 or I 2 > 50. 22 , 23 , 24 We further assessed publication bias if 10 or more studies were represented in one outcome using the two‐tailed Egger's test and publication bias was evident when p value < 0.1. 25 …”

Prevalence and outcomes of Covid-19 in Parkinson's disease: Acute settings and hospital

“…El-Qushayri et al subsequently performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of Covid-19 in PwP ( El-Qushayri et al, 2021 ). Four studies which reported prevalence of Covid-19 in a total of 6878 PwP were included in the analysis.…”

“…More recently, four systematic reviews and meta-analyses have helped to clarify risk. El-Qushayri and colleagues performed a systematic review which included 13 studies, encompassing 8649 PD patients and 88,710 controls ( El-Qushayri et al, 2021 ). Hospitalization was reported in eight studies (263 patients) with a pooled rate of 39.89% for PwP (95% CI: 27.09–58.73).…”