The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Dental Implants

Abstract

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition that alters the periodontium, resulting in destruction of the alveolar bone; without treatment the condition may lead to tooth loss. Dental implants are an alternative for substitution of naturally lost teeth as they have high success rates; however, some factors are related to its failure. Peri-implantitis (PI) is a pathological condition that affects the tissues surrounding dental implants and has been reported as the major cause of implant failure; PI and periodontal diseases are characterized by tissue inflammation and bone damage. In homeostasis conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be involved in cell maintenance, signal transduction, and repair of all tissues, but ROS overaccumulation leads to oxidative stress, which generates cell damage and tissue destruction; likewise, antioxidants protect against the destructive effects of ROS by turning free radicals into waste products. The main purpose of this review was to determine some aspects of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress and analyze their relationship with the lack of osseointegration and PI.

Avoiding implant‐related complications in medically compromised patients with or without unhealthy lifestyle/Elevated oxidative stress

“…After a dental implant placement, friction and twisting could damage the oxide layer on the surface, leading to an increase of ROS and an inflammatory, such as peri‐implantitis (PI) 210,211 …”

“…After a dental implant placement, friction and twisting could damage the oxide layer on the surface, leading to an increase of ROS and an inflammatory, such as peri-implantitis (PI). 210,211 Antioxidants are choices for treatment. PI and periodontal disease are manifested by soft tissue and bone damage, in which ROS plays an important role in cell transmission, maintenance, and proliferation.…”

Applications of Antioxidants in Dental Procedures

“…If it is not treated in time, tooth loss might be the consequence. Dental implantations are currently an effective method for the treatment of tooth loss [ 70 ]. Biomaterials used to make dental implants include metals, ceramics, carbons, polymers, and composites.…”

“…In addition, Abdulhameed et al [ 79 ] reported that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) can induce oxidative stress, reduce osteogenesis, and damage the antioxidant defense system. After placement of a dental implant, friction and twisting can destroy the oxide layer on the surface, leading to an increase of ROS and an inflammatory, such as peri-implant (PI), infection may occur ( Figure 3 ) [ 70 , 80 ]. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and vitamin E are choices for treatment.…”

Analysis of the Osseointegration Process of Dental Implants by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: An In Vivo Study

“…Nevertheless, there are limitations in EPR-CT biological experiments in terms of sensitivity, the data collection rate, the short relaxation time, a lack of perfect reliable spin probes, and sluggish data collection. Free radicals are unbalanced ions with incomplete electron shells that can cause functional changes in molecules, leading to cell damage [ 34 ]. The spectral-spatial mode of EPR visualization allows one to register the full spectrum of EPR for each pixel of the image.…”