The impact of output volatility on CO2 emissions in Turkey: testing EKC hypothesis with Fourier stationarity test

Abstract

This study uses the output volatility–augmented environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model to determine the dynamic short- and long-term impacts of the volatility of economic growth (VOL) on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in Turkey from 1980 to 2015. The results of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach indicate that there is a long-run relationship between CO 2 , per capita real GDP, per capita energy use, and VOL. The coefficients obtained from the ARDL estimation indicate that economic growth and energy use increase CO 2 emissions, while VOL decreases CO 2 emissions in the long run. Moreover, the coefficients obtained from the ARDL error correction model show that VOL decreases CO 2 emissions in the short run, as well. We also find that the EKC is valid in Turkey. This implies for the Turkish case that achieving macro-stability under a “just transition” is key for achieving both economic and environmental benefits from ratifying international agreements such as Paris Agreement and EU Green Deal.

Investigating the moderating role of economic policy uncertainty in environmental Kuznets curve for South Africa: Evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach

“…In addition, as income grows, environmental consciousness develops, resulting in stricter environmental rules requiring the use of energy-efficient technology in order to reduce environmental deterioration. Our findings are in line with those of Udeagha and Ngepah ( 2021b ); Aziz et al ( 2021 ); Bekun et al ( 2021 ); Ahmad et al ( 2021 ); Zeraibi et al ( 2022 ); Pata ( 2021a ); Genç et al ( 2022 ); Bibi and Jamil ( 2021 ). Our findings contradict the results of Pata and Caglar ( 2021 ); Pata and Aydin ( 2020 ); Bandyopadhyay and Rej ( 2021 ); Alola and Donve ( 2021 ); Halliru et al ( 2020 ); Udeagha and Ngepah ( 2019 ); Altıntaş and Kassouri ( 2020 ); Koc and Bulus ( 2020 ).…”

Does the Moderating Role of Financial Development on Energy Utilization Contributes to Environmental Sustainability in GCC Economies?

“…This study reports that economic expansion increases environmental pollution in the early stages, whereas the reducing effect occurs when a certain threshold is achieved. This result is supported by the study of [63] in Turkey and [64] in G7 economies. Thus, GDP in countries with lower, moderate, and wider concentrations of pollution has scale, composite, and technique impacts, respectively [65].…”

The Impact of Hydropower Energy in Malaysia Under the EKC Hypothesis: Evidence From Quantile ARDL Approach

“…Since the seminal study of Grossman and Krueger (1991), many empirical investigations have been conducted to analyze the association between economic growth and environmental pollution. For example, Jebli et al (2016), Al-Mulali et al (2015), Alam et al (2016), Apergis and Ozturk (2015), Gao et al (2021); Bibi and Jamil (2021), Katircioğlu (2014), Al-Mulali et al (2016), Yang et al (2021), Usman and Jahanger (2021), Dogan and Inglesi-Lotz (2020), Leal and Marques (2020), Saint Akadırı et al (2021), Adeel-Farooq et al (2020), Bekun et al (2021), Tenaw and Beyene (2021), Balsalobre-Lorente et al (2021), Jahanger (2021), and Genç et al (2022) have all validated the EKC hypothesis. However, others such as Pata and Caglar (2021), Solarin and Lean (2016), Ozturk and Al-Mulali (2015), Tan et al (2014), Chandran and Tang (2013), Yilanci and Pata (2020), and Koc and Bulus (2020) have failed to validate the EKC hypothesis.…”