The impact of ordinary illnesses on the dietary intakes of malnourished children

Martorell, Reynaldo; Yarbrough, Charles; Yarbrough, Shannon; Klein, Robert E.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/33.2.345

Cited by 152 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Recent research indicates that diarrhea may cause damage to the intestinal mucosa that impairs nutrient absorption well beyond the point of recovery, potentially leading to a pernicious cycle of infection and malnutrition (Lunn, 2000;Lunn et al, 1991). In addition, a number of studies have documented reductions in food intake during infection, despite increased energetic demands Martorell et al, 1980;Mata et al, 1977). Although the importance of infection as a cause of undernutrition and poor child growth has been questioned (Black, 1991;Briend, 1990), the direct and indirect energetic costs of infection have been associated with deficits in weight gain of up to 30 g per day ill if access to energy-and protein-rich foods is not sufficient to fuel catch-up growth (Rowland et al, 1988;Scrimshaw, 1981;Walker et al, 1992;Zumrawi et al, 1987).…”

Section: Nutrition and The Energetics Of Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history theory and the immune system: Steps toward a human ecological immunology

McDade¹

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

284

305

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KEY WORDSimmunology; human biology; growth and development; evolutionary theory; infectious disease ABSTRACTWithin anthropology and human biology, there is growing interest in immune function and its importance to the ecology of human health and development. Biomedical research currently dominates our understanding of immunology, and this paper seeks to highlight the potential contribution of a population-based, ecological approach to the study of human immune function. Concepts from life-history theory are applied to highlight the major challenges and demands that are likely to shape immune function in a range of ecological contexts. Immune function is a major component of maintenance effort, and since resources are limited, trade-offs are expected between investment in maintenance and other critical life-history functions involving growth and reproduction. An adaptationist, life-history perspective helps make sense of the unusual developmental trajectory of immune tissues, and emphasizes that this complex system is designed to incorporate information from the surrounding ecology to guide its development. As a result, there is substantial population variation in immune development and function that is not considered by current biomedical approaches. In an attempt to construct a framework for understanding this variation, immune development is considered in relation to the competing life-history demands that define gestation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Each life stage poses a unique set of adaptive challenges, and a series of hypotheses is proposed regarding their implications for immune development and function. Research in human ecological immunology is in its earliest stages, but this is a promising area of exploration, and one in which anthropology is wellpositioned to make important contributions. Yrbk Phys Research on human immune function has proliferated in the past 25 years, leading to fundamental insights into basic physiology, as well as strategies for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The complexity of the immune system is daunting, and current biomedical research elaborates this complexity by focusing almost exclusively on cellular-and molecular-level processes. The majority of this research uses animal models, with human research participants drawn primarily from clinical settings. Complementary population-based research in international health has observed consistent, bidirectional associations between undernutrition and infectious morbidity, sparking interest in immunocompetence as a potentially important mediator (Chandra, 1988;Gershwin et al., 2000;Hoffman-Goetz, 1986;Pelletier et al., 1995;Suskind and Tontisirin, 2001).The significance of these contributions should not be overlooked, but something is missing. Human physiological systems are products of natural selection, designed to develop and function in whole organisms that are integral components of surrounding social and physical environments (Oyama, 1985;Williams and Nesse, 1991). The immune s...

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Section: Nutrition and The Energetics Of Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history theory and the immune system: Steps toward a human ecological immunology

McDade¹

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

284

305

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“…Besides limiting daily dietary intake (Martorell et al, 1980), morbidity in general and gastro-intestinal infections in particular are powerful contributory factors to the causation of undernutrition and growth failure (Stephenson, 1999;Mata, 1992). However, except for a few studies (Pollitt, 1983;Neumann et al, 1992;Grantham-McGregor et al, 1999), there is very scarce information on the effects of morbidity on motor development, physical activity and emotional regulation.…”

Section: Dietary Intake and Morbidity (Figure 1 A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A developmental view of the undernourished child: background and purpose of the study in Pangalengan, Indonesia

Pollitt

2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: This is the ®rst of a series of reports published in this supplement of an experimental study to test the validity of a conceptual model about the intellectual delay of undernourished children. This paper describes the model and outlines its empirical and theoretical basis. The model provides a conceptual framework for the multiple relationships among growth and developmental domains presumably affected by malnutrition. It allows for a statistical statement regarding the goodness of ®t between data and theory. The model also identi®es particular hypotheses regarding multiple distinct pathways of human development. The following questions were addressed: (1) what are the effects of early supplementary feeding on the physical growth, motor development and activity, mental development and behavior of infants and toddlers who are nutritionally at risk? (2) What are the effects of a micronutrient supplement in the presence and absence of a high-energy supplement? (3) What are the moderating effects of developmental level and timing of the intervention. Design: The study was a randomized clinical trial involving two cohorts (12 and 18 months old) of nutritionallyat-risk children living in Pangalengan, West Java, Indonesia and three types of supplements: condensed milk micronutrients; skimmed milk micronutrients; and skimmed milk. The children were tested every 2 months for a period of 12 months.

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“…Reduced food intake due to parasitic diseases is a vital factor for weight loss and/or stunting in children and adolescents 5 . This reduced food intake is attributed to many physiological changes and epigastric symptoms produced mainly by geohelminth infections, many of which are present in the upper portion of the small intestine 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between geohelminth infections and physical growth in schoolchildren

Silva

Assis

2008

Rev. Nutr.

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ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the association between geohelminth infections and the physical growth of schoolchildren. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with the participation of 1861 children aging from 7 to 14 years who live in a municipality in the Southern region (Recôncavo) of the State of Bahia. The participants were submitted to anthropometric assessment and stool tests. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used as the statistical means to determine the association of interest. ResultsThe risks of stunting were greater among boys with Ascaris lumbricoides (Odds ratio=1.79; confidence interval 95%: 1.07-3.01), Trichuris trichiura (Odds ratio=2.26; confidence interval 95%: 1.33-3.84) and ancylostomiasis (Odds ratio=2.18; confidence interval 95%: 1.28-3.73) when compared with non-infected children. These results remained unchanged after adjustments for the location of the school, children's ages and other geohelminth infections. ConclusionThese infections did not compromise girls´ growth. These results emphasize the association between geohelminth infection and linear physical growth, indicating the need to implement preventive and curative measures that allow the quality of life of the children to improve since the repercussion that these parasites have on the nutritional status and health of this population is severe.

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The impact of ordinary illnesses on the dietary intakes of malnourished children

Cited by 152 publications

References 6 publications

Life history theory and the immune system: Steps toward a human ecological immunology

Life history theory and the immune system: Steps toward a human ecological immunology

A developmental view of the undernourished child: background and purpose of the study in Pangalengan, Indonesia

Association between geohelminth infections and physical growth in schoolchildren

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