The Impact of Oral Hygiene Maintenance on the Association Between Periodontitis and Osteoporosis

Abstract

Both periodontitis and osteoporosis have similar sign of bone resorption in nature. However, the relationship of the severity between these 2 bone-loss diseases is still uncertain.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the severity of osteoporosis and periodontitis regarding the impact of oral hygiene maintenance. In total, 35,127 osteoporosis patients and 50,498 comparisons were derived from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan between 2000 and 2010. The population was subdivided into groups according to the different level oral hygiene maintenance and the severity of periodontitis and osteoporosis. The association between osteoporosis and periodontitis was estimated by multinomial logistic regression and rank correlation by Kendall rank correlation test, presented by odds ratio (OR), and 5% confidence intervals (CIs).After controlling the age, sex, and comorbidities, variables in the good oral hygiene maintenance population, we found that periodontitis raised 1.29-fold risk of osteoporosis (95% CI = 1.12–1.49); the risk of osteoporosis was increased with the elevated severity of periodontitis from 1.27 (95% CI = 1.08–1.48) to 1.38 (95% CI = 1.01–1.89). There is a positive correlation between the severity of periodontitis and osteoporosis occurrence in this population (OR = 1.27–1.46; Kendall rank correlation test P = 0.0003). In the poor oral hygiene maintenance population, periodontitis patients had 6.02-fold risk of osteoporosis than those who without periodontitis (95% CI = 4.65–7.81); the risk of osteoporosis was increased with periodontitis severity from 5.96 (95% CI = 4.48–7.92) to 6.37 (95% CI = 3.36–12.1).This result indicated the periodontitis and osteoporosis are conjunctive. The sudden periodontal breakdown of those who with good oral hygiene maintenance might be an indicator for the risk of osteoporosis; if those who were diagnosed as osteoporosis must pay more attention to their periodontal health. Good oral hygiene maintenance might be a crucial factor for preventing the deterioration of osteoporosis progressing; the oral hygiene maintenance plays a significant influence on the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.

Significant association between skeletal bone mineral density and moderate to severe periodontitis in fair oral hygiene individuals

“…However, the periodontal assessment in those studies was alveolar bone loss, and oral hygiene was not evaluated. The effect of oral hygiene on the association between BMD and periodontal disease was evaluated in previous cross‐sectional studies with diverse findings . Similar to our findings, the Buffalo Women's Health Initiative Observational Study reported a significant association between skeletal BMD and the mean CAL in postmenopausal women without subgingival calculus, whereas no significant association was identified in postmenopausal women with subgingival calculus.…”

Association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease among postmenopausal Indian women

“…Earlier studies reported a significant difference in periodontal depth between normal BMD and osteoporosis, which is similar to the present study . In another study, probing depth was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (90% were osteopenic or osteoporotic) compared to premenopausal group (all were normal) .…”

Association of Chronic Periodontitis on Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular Dementia

“…Additional clinical information such as probing pocket depth would have been useful in determining more accurately which participants had CP. Nonetheless, we attempted to take this into account by using a combination of diagnosis and CP‐related treatment codes, an operational definition that was used in previous reports . Second, we did not have access to medical chart records related to dementia but rather had to rely on diagnosis codes and drug prescription records.…”